Energy efficiency and latency optimization for IoT URLLC and mMTC use cases

Elgarhy, O., Reggiani, L., Alam, M. M., Zoha, A. , Ahmad, R. and Kuusik, A. (2024) Energy efficiency and latency optimization for IoT URLLC and mMTC use cases. IEEE Access, 12, pp. 23132-23148. (doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3364349)

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an essential part of 5G, Beyond-5G (B5G), and 6G systems; it has several applications in two of the principal 5G use cases, namely ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) and massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and in their successors within B5G and 6G: extreme ultra-reliable low-latency communication (eURLLC) and ultra-massive machine-type communication (umMTC). IoT systems, which are characterized by narrow bandwidths, have stringent requirements owing to the specific nature of their applications and use cases. The purpose of this study is to investigate and jointly optimize the energy efficiency (EE) and latency through resource allocation for IoT cellular systems. With regard to the contributions, in this study we investigated the optimization of EE in narrowband IoT systems, compared resource unit configurations (RUCs), jointly formulated the optimization of EE and latency, and introduced a suboptimal but efficient algorithm. More precisely, as the EE performance of various resource unit configurations has not been exhaustively investigated in the current state of the art, we analyzed and compared the EE of RUCs. The results show vast differences in performance between RUCs. For example, in terms of EE, the best RUC has an EE more than 80 times higher than the worst, which illustrates the importance of this investigation. We then proposed a scheduler based on the shortest job first (SJF) for minimum latency allocation, and another scheduler based on a joint evaluation of EE and latency. With respect to conventional techniques, these schedulers achieve a better trade-off between latency reduction and gain in terms of EE for a wider range of parameter configurations in multi-cellular layouts. The study demonstrates that in the presence of repetitions, algorithms that achieve high EE will mostly achieve low latency.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: This work was supported in part by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant 668995 and Grant 951867, in part by the European Union Regional Development Fund in the Framework of the Tallinn University of Technology Development Program (2016–2022), and in part by the Estonian Research Council through the Center of Excellence ‘‘EXCITE IT’’ under Grant PRG667 and Grant TAR16013.
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Zoha, Dr Ahmed
• Authors: Elgarhy, O., Reggiani, L., Alam, M. M., Zoha, A., Ahmad, R., and Kuusik, A.
• College/School: College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Autonomous Systems and Connectivity
• Journal Name: IEEE Access
• Publisher: IEEE
• ISSN: 2169-3536
• ISSN (Online): 2169-3536
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2024 The Authors
• First Published: First published in IEEE Access 12:23132-23148
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons license