Comparing Dwell Time, Pursuits and Gaze Gestures for Gaze Interaction on Handheld Mobile Devices

Namnakani, O., Abdrabou, Y., Grizou, J. , Esteves, A. and Khamis, M. (2023) Comparing Dwell Time, Pursuits and Gaze Gestures for Gaze Interaction on Handheld Mobile Devices. In: 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '23), Hamburg, Germany, 23-28 Apr 2023, p. 258. ISBN 9781450394215 (doi: 10.1145/3544548.3580871)

Abstract

Gaze is promising for hands-free interaction on mobile devices. However, it is not clear how gaze interaction methods compare to each other in mobile settings. This paper presents the first experiment in a mobile setting that compares three of the most commonly used gaze interaction methods: Dwell time, Pursuits, and Gaze gestures. In our study, 24 participants selected one of 2, 4, 9, 12 and 32 targets via gaze while sitting and while walking. Results show that input using Pursuits is faster than Dwell time and Gaze gestures especially when there are many targets. Users prefer Pursuits when stationary, but prefer Dwell time when walking. While selection using Gaze gestures is more demanding and slower when there are many targets, it is suitable for contexts where accuracy is more important than speed. We conclude with guidelines for the design of gaze interaction on handheld mobile devices.

• Item Type: Conference Proceedings
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Namnakani, Omar Mohammed A and Khamis, Dr Mohamed and Grizou, Dr Jonathan
• Authors: Namnakani, O., Abdrabou, Y., Grizou, J., Esteves, A., and Khamis, M.
• College/School: College of Science and Engineering > School of Computing Science
• ISBN: 9781450394215
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2023 The Authors
• First Published: First published in Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: 258
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy

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