Williamson, J. H. , Quek, M., Popescu, I., Ramsay, A. and Murray-Smith, R. (2020) Efficient human-machine control with asymmetric marginal reliability input devices. PLoS ONE, 15(6), e0233603. (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233603) (PMID:32479507) (PMCID:PMC7263597)
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Abstract
Input devices such as motor-imagery brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are often unreliable. In theory, channel coding can be used in the human-machine loop to robustly encapsulate intention through noisy input devices but standard feedforward error correction codes cannot be practically applied. We present a practical and general probabilistic user interface for binary input devices with very high noise levels. Our approach allows any level of robustness to be achieved, regardless of noise level, where reliable feedback such as a visual display is available. In particular, we show efficient zooming interfaces based on feedback channel codes for two-class binary problems with noise levels characteristic of modalities such as motor-imagery based BCI, with accuracy <75%. We outline general principles based on separating channel, line and source coding in human-machine loop design. We develop a novel selection mechanism which can achieve arbitrarily reliable selection with a noisy two-state button. We show automatic online adaptation to changing channel statistics, and operation without precise calibration of error rates. A range of visualisations are used to construct user interfaces which implicitly code for these channels in a way that it is transparent to users. We validate our approach with a set of Monte Carlo simulations, and empirical results from a human-in-the-loop experiment showing the approach operates effectively at 50-70% of the theoretical optimum across a range of channel conditions.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Murray-Smith, Professor Roderick and Paun, Ms Iulia and Williamson, Dr John and Ramsay, Mr Andrew |
| Creator Roles: | Williamson, J.Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Murray-Smith, R.Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review and editing Popescu, I.Investigation, Methodology Ramsay, A.Methodology, Software |
| Authors: | Williamson, J. H., Quek, M., Popescu, I., Ramsay, A., and Murray-Smith, R. |
| College/School: | College of Science and Engineering > School of Computing Science |
| Journal Name: | PLoS ONE |
| Publisher: | Public Library of Science |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1932-6203 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2020 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in PLoS ONE 15(6):e0233603 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons Licence |
| Data DOI: | 10.5525/gla.researchdata.872 |
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