Strategies to overcome photobleaching in algorithm-based adaptive optics for nonlinearin-vivoimaging

Müllenbroich, M. C. , McGhee, E. J., Wright, A. J., Anderson, K. I. and Mathieson, K. (2014) Strategies to overcome photobleaching in algorithm-based adaptive optics for nonlinearin-vivoimaging. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 19(1), 016021. (doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.19.1.016021)

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Abstract

We have developed a nonlinear adaptive optics microscope utilizing a deformable membrane mirror (DMM) and demonstrated its use in compensating for system- and sample-induced aberrations. The optimum shape of the DMM was determined with a random search algorithm optimizing on either two photon fluorescence or second harmonic signals as merit factors. We present here several strategies to overcome photobleaching issues associated with lengthy optimization routines by adapting the search algorithm and the experimental methodology. Optimizations were performed on extrinsic fluorescent dyes, fluorescent beads loaded into organotypic tissue cultures and the intrinsic second harmonic signal of these cultures. We validate the approach of using these preoptimized mirror shapes to compile a robust look-up table that can be applied for imaging over several days and through a variety of tissues. In this way, the photon exposure to the fluorescent cells under investigation is limited to imaging. Using our look-up table approach, we show signal intensity improvement factors ranging from 1.7 to 4.1 in organotypic tissue cultures and freshly excised mouse tissue. Imaging zebrafish in vivo, we demonstrate signal improvement by a factor of 2. This methodology is easily reproducible and could be applied to many photon starved experiments, for example fluorescent life time imaging, or when photobleaching is a concern.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Mathieson, Dr Keith and Anderson, Professor Kurt and McGhee, Dr Ewan and Muellenbroich, Dr Caroline
Authors: Müllenbroich, M. C., McGhee, E. J., Wright, A. J., Anderson, K. I., and Mathieson, K.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cancer Sciences
College of Science and Engineering > School of Physics and Astronomy
Journal Name:Journal of Biomedical Optics
Publisher:Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers
ISSN:1083-3668
ISSN (Online):1560-2281
Published Online:27 January 2014

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