Intermittent control models of human standing: similarities and differences

Gawthrop, P., Loram, I., Gollee, H. and Lakie, M. (2014) Intermittent control models of human standing: similarities and differences. Biological Cybernetics, 108(2), pp. 159-168. (doi: 10.1007/s00422-014-0587-5)

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Abstract

Two architectures of intermittent control are compared and contrasted in the context of the single inverted pendulum model often used for describing standing in humans. The architectures are similar insofar as they use periods of open-loop control punctuated by switching events when crossing a switching surface to keep the system state trajectories close to trajectories leading to equilibrium. The architectures differ in two significant ways. Firstly, in one case, the open-loop control trajectory is generated by a system-matched hold, and in the other case, the open-loop control signal is zero. Secondly, prediction is used in one case but not the other. The former difference is examined in this paper. The zero control alternative leads to periodic oscillations associated with limit cycles; whereas the system-matched control alternative gives trajectories (including homoclinic orbits) which contain the equilibrium point and do not have oscillatory behaviour. Despite this difference in behaviour, it is further shown that behaviour can appear similar when either the system is perturbed by additive noise or the system-matched trajectory generation is perturbed. The purpose of the research is to come to a common approach for understanding the theoretical properties of the two alternatives with the twin aims of choosing which provides the best explanation of current experimental data (which may not, by itself, distinguish beween the two alternatives) and suggesting future experiments to distinguish between the two alternatives.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Loram, Dr Ian and Gollee, Dr Henrik and Gawthrop, Professor Peter
Authors: Gawthrop, P., Loram, I., Gollee, H., and Lakie, M.
College/School:College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering
College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Biomedical Engineering
Journal Name:Biological Cybernetics
Journal Abbr.:Biol Cybern
Publisher:Springer
ISSN:0340-1200
ISSN (Online):1432-0770
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2014 The Authors
First Published:First published in Biological Cybernetics 108(2):159-168
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons License

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Project CodeAward NoProject NamePrincipal InvestigatorFunder's NameFunder RefLead Dept
476761Intermittent predictive control of man and machineHenrik GolleeEngineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)EP/F069022/1ENG - BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING