Experimental research on the effects of de-icing salts on sandstone masonry structures

Graham, C., Lee, M. and Phoenix, V. (2012) Experimental research on the effects of de-icing salts on sandstone masonry structures. In: 12th International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Columbia University, NY, USA, 22-26 Oct 2012,

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Abstract

<p>In an attempt to understand the effects of high levels of de-icing salt deposition on sandstone masonry structures, samples of six blonde and two red sandstones were subject to salt crystallisation tests (BS EN12370.1999) using three different de-icing salts. The impact of these salts on stone mass and integrity was evaluated by quantifying the mass gain/loss of samples via weighing and photography and future work will use X-ray computed tomography scanning (CT scanning) to assess internal salt distributions and salt decay mechanisms across each stone type. Results indicate that both the salt type and microscopic texture of the stones play a significant role in salt accumulation within the pore structure and on observed decay characteristics. Samples immersed in CaCl2 show the greatest percentage of weight increase but with little observable decay. The red Locharbriggs samples on the other hand demonstrate the greatest percentage of weight change and decay across each salt type. This is related to the microscopic texture of the stone, specifically pore size distributions. Ice melting capacity tests of three de-icers have also been undertaken with results highlighting the significance of various salt properties on their overall effectiveness. Throughout the year of November 2011 to 2012 various case study sites in southern Scotland (Glasgow University, Stirling Castle and Edinburgh Castle) have been monitored for salt accumulation and damage using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p> <p>Results from this project will enable identification of the mechanisms and rates of salt-induced damage, with the evaluation of current and alternative de-icing strategies and their potential impacts on building stone. Recommendations on suitable salt resilient replacement stones will then be made.</p>

Item Type:Conference Proceedings
Keywords:Sandstone, salt, de-icing
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Lee, Professor Martin and Phoenix, Dr Vernon
Authors: Graham, C., Lee, M., and Phoenix, V.
Subjects:G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences
Q Science > QE Geology
College/School:College of Science and Engineering > School of Geographical and Earth Sciences > Earth Sciences
Research Group:Earth Systems

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Project CodeAward NoProject NamePrincipal InvestigatorFunder's NameFunder RefLead Dept
590581The effect of road salts on masonry structures in Scotland.Martin LeeHistoric Scotland (HIST-SCOT)UNSPECIFIEDSCHOOL OF GEOGRAPHICAL & EARTH SCIENCES