On the biological importance of the 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid: anthranilic acid ratio

Darlington, L.G., Forrest, C.M., Mackay, G.M., Smith, R.A., Smith, A.J., Stoy, N. and Stone, T.W. (2010) On the biological importance of the 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid: anthranilic acid ratio. International Journal of Tryptophan Research, 3, pp. 51-59.

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Publisher's URL: http://www.la-press.com/on-the-biological-importance-of-the-3-hydroxyanthranilic-acid--anthran-article-a2109

Abstract

Of the major components of the kynurenine pathway for the oxidative metabolism of tryptophan, most attention has focussed on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist quinolinic acid, and the glutamate receptor blocker kynurenic acid. However, there is increasing evidence that the redox-active compound 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid may also have potent actions on cell function in the nervous and immune systems, and recent clinical data show marked changes in the levels of this compound, associated with changes in anthranilic acid levels, in patients with a range of neurological and other disorders including osteoporosis, chronic brain injury, Huntington’s disease, coronary heart disease, thoracic disease, stroke and depression. In most cases, there is a decrease in 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid levels and an increase in anthranilic acid levels. In this paper, we summarise the range of data obtained to date, and hypothesise that the levels of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid or the ratio of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid to anthranilic acid levels, may contribute to disorders with an inflammatory component, and may represent a novel marker for the assessment of inflammation and its progression. Data are presented which suggest that the ratio between these two compounds is not a simple determinant of neuronal viability. Finally, a hypothesis is presented to account for the development of the observed changes in 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and anthranilate levels in inflammation and it is suggested that the change of the 3HAA:AA ratio, particularly in the brain, could possibly be a protective response to limit primary and secondary damage.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Forrest, Dr Caroline and Mackay, Ms Gillian and Stone, Professor Trevor and Smith, Professor Robert and Smith, Dr Andrew
Authors: Darlington, L.G., Forrest, C.M., Mackay, G.M., Smith, R.A., Smith, A.J., Stoy, N., and Stone, T.W.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Psychology & Neuroscience
College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Life Sciences
Journal Name:International Journal of Tryptophan Research
ISSN (Online):1178-6469
Published Online:10 June 2010

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