Hagedoorn, N. N. et al. (2024) Global distribution of Leptospira serovar isolations and detections from animal host species: A systematic review and online database. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 29(3), pp. 161-172. (doi: 10.1111/tmi.13965) (PMID:38351504)
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Abstract
Objectives Leptospira, the spirochaete causing leptospirosis, can be classified into >250 antigenically distinct serovars. Although knowledge of the animal host species and geographic distribution of Leptospira serovars is critical to understand the human and animal epidemiology of leptospirosis, current data are fragmented. We aimed to systematically review, the literature on animal host species and geographic distribution of Leptospira serovars to examine associations between serovars with animal host species and regions and to identify geographic regions in need of study. Methods Nine library databases were searched from inception through 9 March 2023 using keywords including Leptospira, animal, and a list of serovars. We sought reports of detection of Leptospira, from any animal, characterised by cross agglutinin absorption test, monoclonal antibody typing, serum factor analysis, or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to identify the serovar. Results We included 409 reports, published from 1927 through 2022, yielding data on 154 Leptospira serovars. The reports included data from 66 (26.5%) of 249 countries. Detections were from 144 animal host species including 135 (93.8%) from the class Mammalia, 5 (3.5%) from Amphibia, 3 (2.1%) from Reptilia, and 1 (0.7%) from Arachnida. Across the animal host species, Leptospira serovars that were detected in the largest number of animal species included Grippotyphosa (n = 39), Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 29), Pomona (n = 28), Australis (n = 25), and Ballum (n = 25). Of serovars, 76 were detected in a single animal host species. We created an online database to identify animal host species for each serovar by country. Conclusions We found that many countries have few or no Leptospira serovars detected from animal host species and that many serovars were detected from a single animal species. Our study highlights the importance of efforts to identify animal host species of leptospirosis, especially in places with a high incidence of human leptospirosis. We provide an updated resource for leptospirosis researchers.
| Item Type: | Articles |
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| Additional Information: | Funding informationUS National Institutes of Health (NIH); NationalScience Foundation (NSF), Grant/Award Number:R01TW009237; Research Councils UK,Department for International Development (UK);UK Biotechnology and Biological SciencesResearch Council (BBSRC), Grant/AwardNumbers: BB/L018845, BB/L017679, BB/L018926,BB/J010367/1; University of Otago; NationalInstitutes of Health Research Training,Grant/Award Numbers: R25 TW009343, R25TW009337; Fogarty International Center; National Institute of Mental Health; Wellcome Trust,Grant/Award Number: 096400/Z/11/Z; USNational Institutes of Health National Institute forAllergy and Infectious, Grant/Award Number: R01AI121378; EU Horizon 2020; Vacc-iNTS,Grant/Award Number: 815439. Data accessible from https://leptospirosis.otago.ac.nz/. |
| Keywords: | Infectious Diseases, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Parasitology |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Allan, Dr Kathryn |
| Authors: | Hagedoorn, N. N., Maze, M. J., Carugati, M., Cash‐Goldwasser, S., Allan, K. J., Chen, K., Cossic, B., Demeter, E., Gallagher, S., German, R., Galloway, R. L., Habuš, J., Rubach, M. P., Shiokawa, K., Sulikhan, N., and Crump, J. A. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine |
| Journal Name: | Tropical Medicine and International Health |
| Publisher: | Wiley |
| ISSN: | 1360-2276 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1365-3156 |
| Published Online: | 13 February 2024 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright: © 2024 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in Tropical Medicine and International Health 29(3): 161-172 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons licence |
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