Improved disease-free survival with adjuvant chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial cancer: Final results of the POUT trial

Birtle, A. J. et al. (2024) Improved disease-free survival with adjuvant chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial cancer: Final results of the POUT trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, (doi: 10.1200/jco.23.01659) (PMID:38350047) (Early Online Publication)

Abstract

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported. POUT was a phase III, randomized, open-label trial, including 261 patients with muscle-invasive or lymph node–positive, nonmetastatic upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) randomly assigned after radical nephroureterectomy to platinum-based chemotherapy (132) or surveillance (129). Primary outcome analysis demonstrated that chemotherapy improved disease-free survival (DFS). At that time, the planned secondary outcome analysis of overall survival (OS) was immature. By February 2022, 50 and 67 DFS events had occurred in the chemotherapy and surveillance groups, respectively, at a median follow-up of 65 months. The 5-year DFS was 62% versus 45%, univariable hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55 (95% CI, 0.38 to 0.80, P = .001). The restricted mean survival time (RMST) was 18 months longer (95% CI, 6 to 30) in the chemotherapy arm. There were 46 and 60 deaths in the chemotherapy and control arms, respectively. The 5-year OS was 66% versus 57%, with univariable HR = 0.68 (95% CI, 0.46 to 1.00, P = .049) and RMST difference 11 months (95% CI, 1 to 21). Treatment effects were consistent across chemotherapy regimens (carboplatin or cisplatin) and disease stage. Toxicities were similar to those previously reported, and there were no clinically relevant differences in quality of life between arms. In summary, although OS was not the primary outcome measure, the updated results add further support for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with UTUC, suggesting long-term benefits.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: Supported by Cancer Research UK (C8262/A13324, CRUK/11/027, and program grants which support the work of Institute of Cancer Research Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit C1491/A15955, C1491/A25351).
• Keywords: Cancer Research, Oncology
• Status: Early Online Publication
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Jones, Professor Robert
• Authors: Birtle, A. J., Jones, R., Chester, J., Lewis, R., Biscombe, K., Johnson, M., Blacker, A., Bryan, R., Catto, J. W.F., Choudhury, A., Das, P., Jagdev, S., Powles, T., Wagstaff, J., Cheung, K. C., Cafferty, F., and Hall, E.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cancer Sciences
• Journal Name: Journal of Clinical Oncology
• Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology
• ISSN: 0732-183X
• ISSN (Online): 1527-7755
• Published Online: 13 February 2024
• Copyright Holders: Copyright: © 2024 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
• First Published: First published in Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons licence