Lim, M. W. S., Lucas-Herald, A. K. , Mason, A., Delles, C. and Connelly, P. J. (2024) Sex differences in the cardiovascular effects of GnRH analogues. Journal of Endocrinology, 261(1), e230309. (doi: 10.1530/JOE-23-0309) (PMID:38265843)
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Abstract
The integral role of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in reproductive processes makes it a prime therapeutic target. By inhibiting sex steroid synthesis, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues are used in the management of cancers, benign neoplasms, infertility and gender dysphoria. However, the wide application of these therapeutics raises concerns regarding the unintended effects upon the cardiovascular system. In males with prostate cancer, GnRH analogues when used as an androgen deprivation therapy appear to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death in this population. Therefore, due to the utilisation of GnRH analogues across the lifespan and gender spectrum, this relationship merits discussion. Existing data suggest an association between GnRH analogues and major adverse cardiovascular events in males. Conversely, females receiving GnRH analogues for breast cancer treatment appear to be at an increased risk of developing hypertension. In this narrative review, we describe the uses of GnRH analogues in adults, adolescents and children. We discuss whether sex plays a role in the cardiovascular effects of GnRH analogues and explore the significance of sex hormone receptors in the vasculature. We also consider confounding factors such as malignancy, advanced age and infertility.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | This work was supported by the British Heart Foundation (grant number RE/18/6/34217) and the NES/CSO Clinical Lectureship (grant number PCL/21/05). |
| Keywords: | Cardiovascular, gonadotropin releasing hormone, testosterone, oestrogen. |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Delles, Professor Christian and Connelly, Dr Paul and Mason, Dr Avril and Lucas-Herald, Dr Angela |
| Authors: | Lim, M. W. S., Lucas-Herald, A. K., Mason, A., Delles, C., and Connelly, P. J. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing |
| Journal Name: | Journal of Endocrinology |
| Publisher: | BioScientifica Ltd. |
| ISSN: | 0022-0795 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1479-6805 |
| Published Online: | 24 January 2024 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2024 The authors 2024 |
| First Published: | First published in Journal of Endocrinology 261(1):e230309 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons licence |
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