A dynamic framework for internet-based network time protocol

Gamage, K. A. A. , Sajid, A., Sonbul, O. S., Rashid, M. and Jaffar, A. Y. (2024) A dynamic framework for internet-based network time protocol. Sensors, 24(2), 691. (doi: 10.3390/s24020691)

Abstract

Time synchronization is vital for accurate data collection and processing in sensor networks. Sensors in these networks often operate under fluctuating conditions. However, an accurate timekeeping mechanism is critical even in varying network conditions. Consequently, a synchronization method is required in sensor networks to ensure reliable timekeeping for correlating data accurately across the network. In this research, we present a novel dynamic NTP (Network Time Protocol) algorithm that significantly enhances the precision and reliability of the generalized NTP protocol. It incorporates a dynamic mechanism to determine the Round-Trip Time (RTT), which allows accurate timekeeping even in varying network conditions. The proposed approach has been implemented on an FPGA and a comprehensive performance analysis has been made, comparing three distinct NTP methods: dynamic NTP (DNTP), static NTP (SNTP), and GPS-based NTP (GNTP). As a result, key performance metrics such as variance, standard deviation, mean, and median accuracy have been evaluated. Our findings demonstrate that DNTP is markedly superior in dynamic network scenarios, a common characteristic in sensor networks. This adaptability is important for sensors installed in time-critical networks, such as real-time industrial IoTs, where precise and reliable time synchronization is necessary.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: The APC was funded by Umm Al-Qurrah University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Gamage, Professor Kelum

Creator Roles

Gamage, K.: Validation, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Funding acquisition

• Authors: Gamage, K. A. A., Sajid, A., Sonbul, O. S., Rashid, M., and Jaffar, A. Y.
• College/School: College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Systems Power and Energy
• Journal Name: Sensors
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 1424-8220
• ISSN (Online): 1424-8220
• Published Online: 22 January 2024
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2024 The Authors
• First Published: First published in Sensors 24(2):691
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons license