New horizons in evidence synthesis for older adults

Cooper, N., Germeni, E. , Freeman, S. C., Jaiswal, N. , Nevill, C. R., Sutton, A. J., Taylor-Rowan, M. and Quinn, T. J. (2023) New horizons in evidence synthesis for older adults. Age and Ageing, 52(11), afad211. (doi: 10.1093/ageing/afad211) (PMID:37955937)

Abstract

Evidence synthesis, embedded within a systematic review of the literature, is a well-established approach for collating and combining all the relevant information on a particular research question. A robust synthesis can establish the evidence base, which underpins best practice guidance. Such endeavours are frequently used by policymakers and practitioners to inform their decision making. Traditionally, an evidence synthesis of interventions consisted of a meta-analysis of quantitative data comparing two treatment alternatives addressing a specific and focussed clinical question. However, as the methods in the field have evolved, especially in response to the increasingly complex healthcare questions, more advanced evidence synthesis techniques have been developed. These can deal with extended data structures considering more than two treatment alternatives (network meta-analysis) and complex multicomponent interventions. The array of questions capable of being answered has also increased with specific approaches being developed for different evidence types including diagnostic, prognostic and qualitative data. Furthermore, driven by a desire for increasingly up-to-date evidence summaries, living systematic reviews have emerged. All of these methods can potentially have a role in informing older adult healthcare decisions. The aim of this review is to increase awareness and uptake of the increasingly comprehensive array of newer synthesis methods available and highlight their utility for answering clinically relevant questions in the context of older adult research, giving examples of where such techniques have already been effectively applied within the field. Their strengths and limitations are discussed, and we suggest user-friendly software options to implement the methods described.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: N.J.C., S.C.F. and A.J.S. were supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands (ARC EM), and S.C.F. and A.J.S. were also supported by the Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC).
• Keywords: ageing, evidence, meta-analysis, methods, systematic review.
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Taylor-Rowan, Martin and Quinn, Professor Terry and Jaiswal, Dr Nishant and Germeni, Dr Evi
• Authors: Cooper, N., Germeni, E., Freeman, S. C., Jaiswal, N., Nevill, C. R., Sutton, A. J., Taylor-Rowan, M., and Quinn, T. J.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment
• Journal Name: Age and Ageing
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• ISSN: 0002-0729
• ISSN (Online): 1468-2834
• Published Online: 13 November 2023
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2023 The Author(s)
• First Published: First published in Age and Ageing 52(11):afad211
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy