Shalaby, M., Reboud, J. , Forde, T. , Zadoks, R. N. and Busin, V. (2024) Distribution and prevalence of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxins in raw ruminants’ milk: a systematic review. Food Microbiology, 118, 104405. (doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104405)
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Abstract
Enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus are a common cause of food poisoning, leading to significant gastrointestinal symptoms and even hospitalization. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched three electronic databases for studies on detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins or enterotoxigenic S. aureus in raw ruminant milk. The 128 studies included in this systematic review showed a worldwide distribution of studies on staphylococcal enterotoxins and enterotoxigenic S. aureus, with an increase in the number from 1980 to 2021, a shift in detection methods from enterotoxins to enterotoxin genes, and a preponderance of studies from Europe and South America. Most studies focused on milk from individual animals with mastitis, especially cattle. Based on 24 studies, the within-herd prevalence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in raw milk samples was 11.6%. Many studies failed to report the health status of sampled animals, or the numerator and denominator data needed for prevalence calculation. Cultural and legislative differences, economic status, diagnostic capabilities, and public awareness are all likely factors contributing to the observed distribution of studies. Our review highlighted a significant gap in quality and completeness of data reporting, which limits full assessment of prevalence and distribution of hazards posed by raw milk.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | This work was funded by scholarship funding from the Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education [MM28/19]. |
| Keywords: | Dairy, enterotoxins, food safety, ruminants, Staphylococcus aureus, prevalence. |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Shalaby, Maha Mansour Mohamed and Busin, Valentina and Zadoks, Professor Ruth and Reboud, Professor Julien and Forde, Dr Taya |
| Authors: | Shalaby, M., Reboud, J., Forde, T., Zadoks, R. N., and Busin, V. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Biomedical Engineering |
| Journal Name: | Food Microbiology |
| Publisher: | Elsevier |
| ISSN: | 0740-0020 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1095-9998 |
| Published Online: | 29 October 2023 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2023 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in Food Microbiology 118:104405 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons licence |
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