Gonzalo Nadal, V. et al. (2023) Suspected tick-borne flavivirus meningoencephalomyelitis in dogs from the UK: six cases (2021). Journal of Small Animal Practice, (doi: 10.1111/jsap.13682) (PMID:37956993) (Early Online Publication)
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Abstract
Objectives: Tick-borne encephalitis virus and louping ill virus are neurotropic flaviviruses transmitted by ticks. Epidemiologically, tick-borne encephalitis is endemic in Europe whereas louping ill's predominant geographical distribution is the UK. Rarely, these flaviviruses affect dogs causing neurological signs. This case series aimed to describe the clinical, clinicopathological, and imaging findings, as well as the outcomes in six dogs with meningoencephalitis and/or meningomyelitis caused by a flavivirus in the UK in 2021. Materials and Methods: Observational retrospective case-series study. Clinical data were retrieved from medical records of dogs with positive serological or immunohistochemical results from three different institutions from spring to winter 2021. Results: Six dogs were included in the study. All dogs presented an initial phase of pyrexia and/or lethargy followed by progressive signs of spinal cord and/or intracranial disease. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral and symmetrical lesions affecting the grey matter of the thalamus, pons, medulla oblongata, and thoracic or lumbar intumescences with none or mild parenchymal and meningeal contrast enhancement. Serology for tick-borne encephalitis virus was positive in five dogs with the presence of seroconversion in two dogs. The viral distinction between flaviviruses was not achieved. One dog with negative serology presented positive immunohistochemistry at post-mortem examination. Three dogs survived but presented neurological sequelae. Three dogs were euthanased due to the rapid progression of the clinical signs or static neurological signs. Clinical Significance: These cases raise awareness of the presence of tick-borne encephalitis as an emergent disease or the increased prevalence of louping ill virus affecting dogs in the UK.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Status: | Early Online Publication |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Clark, Mr Jordan and Stalin, Mrs Catherine and Fares, Dr Mazigh and Rocchi, Dr Mara and Gonzalo Nadal, Veronica and Dunlop, Dr James and Nichols, Mrs Jenna and Bongers, Dr Jos and Cloquell Miro, Dr Ana and Da Silva Filipe, Dr Ana and Gutierrez Quintana, Mr Rodrigo and Liatis, Dr Theophanes and Brennan, Dr Benjamin and Kaczmarska, Mrs Adriana and Hughes, Dr Joseph and Tandavanitj, Mr Rapeepat and Patel, Professor Arvind and Kohl, Professor Alain |
| Creator Roles: | Gonzalo-Nadal, V.Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Kohl, A.Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Rocchi, M.Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Brennan, B.Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Hughes, J.Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Nichols, J.Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Da Silva Filipe, A.Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Dunlop, J.I.Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Fares, M.Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Clark, J.J.Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Tandavanitj, R.Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Patel, A.H.Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Cloquell Miro, A.Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Bongers, J.Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Kaczmarska, A.Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Stalin, C.Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Liatis, T.Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Gutierrez-Quintana, R.Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing |
| Authors: | Gonzalo Nadal, V., Kohl, A., Rocchi, M., Brennan, B., Hughes, J., Nichols, J., Da Silva Filipe, A., Dunlop, J.I., Fares, M., Clark, J.J., Tandavanitj, R., Patel, A.H., Cloquell-Miro, A., Bongers, J., Deacon, J., Kaczmarska, A., Stalin, C., Liatis, T., Irving, J., and Gutierrez-Quintana, R. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity > Centre for Virus Research |
| Journal Name: | Journal of Small Animal Practice |
| Publisher: | Wiley |
| ISSN: | 0022-4510 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1748-5827 |
| Published Online: | 13 November 2023 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2023 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in Journal of Small Animal Practice 2023 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons licence |
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