Upskilling the workforce? A critical analysis of national skills policies in China’s Reform Era

Wang, G. (2023) Upskilling the workforce? A critical analysis of national skills policies in China’s Reform Era. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 44(6), pp. 978-995. (doi: 10.1080/01425692.2023.2219405)

Abstract

Government reports and documents claim that building a high skill society is critical for national success in China. In this paper, eight policies in relation to the government’s espoused priorities of upskilling are examined. Applying the principles of critical policy analysis, the paper aims to expose the ideological presuppositions made in these policies. The findings in this paper reveal that the Chinese government may have focused on upgrading the credentials, rather than the actual skills that these credentials signal, thus reinforced forms of consciousness that maintain the academic-focus, credential-driven hegemony. The new policies have vigorously invested in the ‘model schools’, yet further excluding non-model schools and the marginalised learners. This investment, emphasising the ‘supply-side’ of skills provision, has also led to a more fragmented connection between the training system and industry. The promotion of ‘entrepreneurial talent training’, with an intention of enhancing young people’s employability and building a knowledge-based economy, may act as a technique for ‘self-government’ under the influence of a neoliberal ideology. The responsibility of skill acquisition may have shifted to individual students, who will encounter increased precarity on their routes into work. Drawing on Gramsci’s concept of hegemonic power, the paper highlights China’s national skills policies may further facilitate the reproduction of current forms of inequality in training as well as contribute to construct and manage the neoliberal subjects required by the Reform Era.

• Item Type: Articles
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Wang, Dr Geng
• Authors: Wang, G.
• College/School: College of Social Sciences > School of Education; College of Social Sciences > School of Education > Creativity Culture and Faith
• Journal Name: British Journal of Sociology of Education
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis
• ISSN: 0142-5692
• ISSN (Online): 1465-3346
• Published Online: 01 June 2023
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
• First Published: First published in British Journal of Sociology of Education 44(6):978-995
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy