The relationship between properties of plant-based biochars and sorption of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) in soil model systems

Soria, R. I., Rolfe, S. A., Pazmino Betancourth, M. and Thornton, S. F. (2020) The relationship between properties of plant-based biochars and sorption of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) in soil model systems. Heliyon, 6(11), e05388. (doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05388) (PMID:33241138) (PMCID:PMC7672296)

Abstract

Plant based biochars are proposed as soil amendments to immobilize potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs), such as Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) and aid in soil restoration. However, the sorption capacity of biochar for these elements can vary widely depending on biochar nature and metal properties. Currently, there is no clear methodology to pre-screen biochars for their suitability as adsorbents for these elements. Therefore, to facilitate biochar selection for application in soil restoration, this study explored the relationships between the physico-chemical properties of five plant-based biochars and their capacity to immobilize Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II). Batch experiments using synthetic soil pore water were used to assess the sorption of these elements. The sorption isotherms described by the Hill model indicated that PTE sorption capacity followed the order Pb(II) > Cd(II) >Zn(II) regardless of biochar type in mono-element systems. Preferential sorption of Pb(II) limited the immobilization of Cd(II) and Zn(II) in multi-element systems. ATR-FTIR and SEM-EDX spectroscopy studies indicated that Cd(II) and Pb(II) sorption was mediated by complexation with carboxylic groups, cation–π interactions and precipitation with phosphates and silicates, while Zn(II) sorption occurred mainly by complexation with phenolic groups and precipitation with phosphates. A high correlation (>0.8) between Electrical Conductivity, Cation Exchange Capacity, pH and sorption capacity was identified for all metals tested, highlighting the electrostatic nature of the sorption mechanisms involved. Biochars derived from herbaceous feedstock were better candidates for remediation of soil polluted with Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II), rather than wood-derived biochar. Overall, this study provides evidence of the direct relationship between specific properties of plant-based biochars (pH and EC) and their suitability as adsorbents for some PTEs in soil systems.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: This work was supported by the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network INSPIRATION funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement no. 675120).
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Pazmino Betancourth, Mr Mauro
• Authors: Soria, R. I., Rolfe, S. A., Pazmino Betancourth, M., and Thornton, S. F.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine
• Journal Name: Heliyon
• Publisher: Elsevier (Cell Press)
• ISSN: 2405-8440
• ISSN (Online): 2405-8440
• Published Online: 11 November 2020
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2020 The Authors
• First Published: First published in Heliyon 6(11):e05388
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons License