Accumulated injuries of environmental injustice: living and working with petrochemical pollution in Nanjing, China

Mah, A. and Wang, X. (2019) Accumulated injuries of environmental injustice: living and working with petrochemical pollution in Nanjing, China. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 109(6), pp. 1961-1977. (doi: 10.1080/24694452.2019.1574551)

Abstract

This article examines perceptions of living and working with toxic pollution in two periurban petrochemical areas in Nanjing, China, a heavily polluted megacity on the Yangtze River. Despite the concentrated geography of the petrochemical industry in Nanjing, protests over pollution have been small scale and highly localized, paralleling dynamics in many “cancer villages” of rural China. This contrasts with high-profile anti-PX (paraxylene) protests that have happened in Xiamen, Dalian, and other cities in China over the past decade. This article draws on twenty-five semistructured interviews and participant observation with workers and residents in both petrochemical areas. We extend the idea of the “hidden injuries of class” (Sennett and Cobb 1972) to analyze the cumulative effects of social and environmental inequalities in China, contributing to interdisciplinary debates about environmental justice and health, environmental pollution in China, and the lived experiences of toxic geographies. We argue that people living and working with petrochemical pollution in Nanjing, China, experienced accumulated injuries of environmental injustice: multilayered and intersecting effects on health and well-being, which reflect social inequalities between different populations. Accumulated injuries of environmental injustice emerged in interrelated ways: epistemic injustices about toxic exposures; unequal and inadequate compensations for environment harm; and collective frustrations over political powerlessness. The research has wider implications for analyzing the complex social effects of living and working with environmental injustice in different places around the world. Key Words: China, environmental health, environmental justice, petrochemical industry, toxic pollution.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 639583).
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Mah, Professor Alice
• Authors: Mah, A., and Wang, X.
• Subjects: G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General); G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GF Human ecology. Anthropogeography; H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General); H Social Sciences > HT Communities. Classes. Races
• College/School: College of Social Sciences > School of Social and Political Sciences > Urban Studies
• Journal Name: Annals of the Association of American Geographers
• Publisher: Taylor and Francis
• ISSN: 0004-5608
• ISSN (Online): 2469-4460
• Published Online: 07 May 2019
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2019 The Author(s)
• First Published: First published in Annals of the Association of American Geographers 109(6):1961-1977
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons license