Occipital TMS Has Opposing Effects on Visual and Auditory Stimulus Detection: Implications for Multisensory Interactions.

Romei, V., Murray, M.M., Merabet, L.B. and Thut, G. (2007) Occipital TMS Has Opposing Effects on Visual and Auditory Stimulus Detection: Implications for Multisensory Interactions. Journal of Neuroscience(27), pp. 11465-11472.

Abstract

Multisensory interactions occur early in time and in low-level cortical areas, including primary cortices. To test current models of early auditory-visual (AV) convergence in unisensory visual brain areas, we studied the effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) of visual cortex on behavioral responses to unisensory (auditory or visual) or multisensory (simultaneous auditory-visual) stimulus presentation. Single-pulse TMS was applied over the occipital pole at short delays (30-150ms) after external stimulus onset. Relative to TMS over a control site, reactions times (RTs) to unisensory visual stimuli were prolonged by TMS at 60-75ms post-stimulus onset (visual suppression effect), confirming stimulation of functional visual cortex. Conversely, RTs to unisensory auditory stimuli were significantly shortened when visual cortex was stimulated by TMS at the same delays (beneficial interaction effect of auditory stimulation and occipital TMS). No TMS-effect on RTs was observed for AV-stimulation. The beneficial interaction effect of combined unisensory auditory and TMS-induced visual cortex stimulation matched and was correlated with the RT-facilitation following external multisensory AV stimulation without TMS, suggestive of multisensory interactions between the stimulus-evoked auditory and TMS-induced visual cortex activities. A follow-up experiment showed that auditory input enhances excitability within visual cortex itself (using phosphene-induction via TMS as a measure) over a similarly early time-window (75-120ms). The collective data support a mechanism of early auditory-visual interactions that is mediated by auditory-driven sensitivity changes in visual neurons that coincide in time with the initial volleys of visual input.

• Item Type: Articles
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Thut, Professor Gregor
• Authors: Romei, V., Murray, M.M., Merabet, L.B., and Thut, G.
• College/School: College of Science and Engineering > School of Psychology; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Psychology & Neuroscience
• Journal Name: Journal of Neuroscience
• Journal Abbr.: J Neurosci
• Publisher: The Society for Neuroscience
• ISSN: 0270-6474