Couraud, B., Andoni, M. , Robu, V., Norbu, S., Chen, S. and Flynn, D. (2023) Responsive FLEXibility: a smart local energy system. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 182, 113343. (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113343)
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Abstract
The transition towards a more decarbonised, resilient and distributed energy system requires local initiatives, such as Smart Local Energy Systems (SLES), which lead communities to gain self-sufficiency and become electricity islands. Although many SLES projects have been recently deployed, only a few of them have managed to be successful, mostly due to an initial knowledge gap in the SLES planning and deployment phases. This paper leverages the knowledge from the UK’s largest SLES demonstrator in the Orkney Islands, named the Responsive FLEXibility (ReFLEX) project, to propose a framework that will help communities to successfully implement a SLES. First, this paper describes how the multi-services electrical SLES implemented in Orkney reduces the impact of the energy transition on the electrical infrastructure. We identify and discuss the main enablers and barriers to a successful SLES, based on a review of SLES projects in the UK. Second, to help future communities to implement SLES, we extend the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) into a comprehensive multi-vector Smart Local Energy Architecture Model (SLEAM) that includes all main energy services, namely power, heat and transport. This extended architecture model describes the main components and interaction layers that need to be addressed in a comprehensive SLES. Next, to inform successful deployment of SLES, an extensive list of key performance indicators for SLES is proposed and implemented for the ReFLEX project. Finally, we discuss lessons learnt from the ReFLEX project and we list required future technologies that enable communities, energy policy makers and regulatory bodies to best prepare for the energy transition.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | This work was supported by the following UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) projects: Innovate UK Knowledge Transfer Partnerships (KTP) Project based at The Crichton Trust, Dumfries in partnership with the University of Glasgow [KTP-13052], the InnovateUK Responsive Flexibility (ReFLEX) [GrantNo:10478], Decarbonisation Pathways for Cooling and Heating (DISPATCH) [EP/V042955/1]. Valentin Robu was supported by the project “TESTBED2: Testing and Evaluating Sophisticated information and communication Technologies for enaBling scalablE smart griD Deployment”, funded by the European Union Horizon2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) [GrantNo:872172]. |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Norbu, Mr Sonam and Andoni, Dr Merlinda and Flynn, Professor David and Chen, Dr Si and Couraud, Dr Benoit |
| Authors: | Couraud, B., Andoni, M., Robu, V., Norbu, S., Chen, S., and Flynn, D. |
| College/School: | College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Systems Power and Energy |
| Journal Name: | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews |
| Publisher: | Elsevier |
| ISSN: | 1364-0321 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1879-0690 |
| Published Online: | 30 May 2023 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2023 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 182: 113343 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons License |
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