Cryo-CMOS Mixed-Signal Circuits for Scalable Quantum Computing: Challenges and Future Steps

Kapoulea, S., Ahmad, M., Weides, M. and Heidari, H. (2023) Cryo-CMOS Mixed-Signal Circuits for Scalable Quantum Computing: Challenges and Future Steps. In: 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Monterey, CA, USA, 21-25 May 2023, ISBN 9781665451093 (doi: 10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10182164)

Abstract

A systematic research on the development of cryogenic complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (cryo-CMOS) circuits, for implementing the required control electronics to manipulate the quantum bit (qubit) state, is performed over the last few years. Scalability constitutes a key term regarding the evolution of quantum computing from theory to practical application and CMOS technology has been proven to be a promising candidate for implementing the coveted scalable next-generation quantum computers (QCs). Mixed-signal blocks, used for uniting the analog and digital domains, play a key role in the efficient functionality of the qubit control/readout system, thus there is an ever-increasing interest in their high-performance circuit realization. The critical challenge in this venture is to achieve efficient cryogenic operation at low temperatures, i.e., close to the qubit around 4 K, simultaneously keeping power requirements at low values. An overview and comparison of the cryo-CMOS Digital-to-Analog converter (DAC) and Analog-to-Digital converter (ADC) circuit implementations for quantum computing applications that heretofore have been proposed in the literature is presented in this work. A discussion on the challenges and future strategic steps that are henceforth required to proceed toward the development of a functional scalable quantum computer is also conducted.

• Item Type: Conference Proceedings
• Additional Information: This work was supported by the EPSRC EPIQC (EP/W032627/1), UKRI Innovate UK Cryo-CMOS to enable scalable quantum computers project (grant no. 10006017), and UKRI Innovate UK Altnaharra: Cryoelectronics for Quantum Circuits project (grant no. 10006186).
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Weides, Professor Martin and Kapoulea, Dr Stavroula and Ahmad, Mr Meraj and Heidari, Professor Hadi
• Authors: Kapoulea, S., Ahmad, M., Weides, M., and Heidari, H.
• College/School: College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Electronics and Nanoscale Engineering
• ISSN: 2158-1525
• ISBN: 9781665451093
• Published Online: 21 July 2023
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2023 IEEE
• First Published: First published in 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy

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• Organisation

Project Code	Award No	Project Name	Principal Investigator	Funder's Name	Funder Ref	Lead Dept
316691		Empowering Practical Interfacing of Quantum Computing	Martin Weides	Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)	EP/W032627/1	ENG - Electronics & Nanoscale Engineering
314911		Design toolkits for cryo-CMOS to enable the next generation of scalable quantum computers	Martin Weides	Innovate UK (INNOVATE)	10006017	ENG - Electronics & Nanoscale Engineering
314879		Altnaharra: Cryoelectronics for Quantum Circuits	Martin Weides	Innovate UK (INNOVATE)	10006186	ENG - Electronics & Nanoscale Engineering