The relationship between carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and patient survival in breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Shamis, S. A.K., Edwards, J. and McMillan, D. C. (2023) The relationship between carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and patient survival in breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagnostic Pathology, 18, 46. (doi: 10.1186/s13000-023-01325-9) (PMID:37061698) (PMCID:PMC10105416)

Abstract

Purpose: Hypoxia is a characteristic of many solid tumours and an adverse prognostic factor for cancer therapy. Hypoxia results in upregulation of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) expression, a pH-regulating enzyme. Many human tissue studies have examined the prognostic value of CAIX expression in breast cancer but have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to assess the prognostic value of CAIX expression for breast cancer patients. Methods: The electronic databases were systematically searched to identify relevant papers. The clinical outcomes included disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in breast cancer patients. Review Manager version 5.4 was employed to analysis data from 23 eligible studies (containing 8390 patients). Results: High CAIX expression was associated with poorer RFS [HR = 1.42, 95% CI (1.32−1.51), p < 0.00001], DFS [HR = 1.64, 95% CI (1.34−2.00), p < 0.00001], and OS [HR = 1.48, 95% CI (1.22−1.80), p < 0.0001]. Heterogeneity was observed across the studies. There was an effect of the CAIX antibody employed, scoring methods, and tumour localisation on CAIX expression. Conclusion: CAIX overexpression was significantly associated with poorer RFS, DFS, and OS in breast cancer patients. However, further work in high quantity tissue cohorts is required to define the optimal methodological approach.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the Libyan government and Libyan Cultural Affairs Bureau for funding.
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Edwards, Professor Joanne and McMillan, Professor Donald and Shamis, Suad Ahmad Khalifa
• Authors: Shamis, S. A.K., Edwards, J., and McMillan, D. C.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cancer Sciences; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing
• Journal Name: Diagnostic Pathology
• Publisher: BioMed Central
• ISSN: 1746-1596
• ISSN (Online): 1746-1596
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2023 The Authors
• First Published: First published in Diagnostic Pathology 18: 46
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons License