Different sources of fiber intake and risk of 17 specific cancers and all cancers combined: prospective study of 364,877 participants in UK Biobank

Parra-Soto, S., Araya, C., Knight, K., Livingstone, K. M., Malcomson, F. C., Sharp, L., Mathers, J. C., Ho, F. K., Celis-Morales, C. and Pell, J. P. (2023) Different sources of fiber intake and risk of 17 specific cancers and all cancers combined: prospective study of 364,877 participants in UK Biobank. American Journal of Epidemiology, (doi: 10.1093/aje/kwad202) (PMID:37855261) (In Press)

Abstract

Inverse associations between dietary fiber (DF) and colorectal cancer risk are well-established. However, evidence is limited in relation to other cancer sites. This study, of 364,856 participants from UK Biobank, aimed to evaluate the associations between total and source-specific partial DF and risk of 17 specific cancers and all cancers combined. Partial DF was derived from baseline touch-screen questionnaire data on cereal, bread, fruit and vegetable intake. The outcomes were incident cancer at 17 sites and all cancers combined. Cox proportional hazard models were applied. Over a median 8.8-year follow-up period, 30,725 people were diagnosed with cancer. After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, those in the highest quintile of DF compared to the lowest quintile (<9.6 vs ≥19.1 g/day) had 10% lower risk of cancer overall, with the greatest risk reductions observed for cervical (HR: 0.33, 0.14; 0.82), esophageal (HR: 0.66, 0.52; 0.84), lung (HR: 0.67, 0.59; 0.76), bladder (HR: 0.72, 0.56; 0.91) and kidney (HR: 0.75, 0.61; 0.92) cancers. Associations between DF and lung cancer were observed only in current and ex-smokers. Higher dietary fiber intake, in particular cereal fiber and fruit and vegetable fiber, was associated with a lower risk of overall and multiple site-specific cancers.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: The UK Biobank was supported by the Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, Department of Health, Scottish Government and Northwest Regional Development Agency. It also had funding from the Welsh Assembly Government and British Heart Foundation. S.P.-S. receive financial support from the Chilean Government for doing their PhD (ANID-Becas Chile). KML is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership Fellowship [APP1173803].
• Status: In Press
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Pell, Professor Jill and Celis, Dr Carlos and Ho, Dr Frederick and Parra, Solange and Knight, Miss Katrina
• Authors: Parra-Soto, S., Araya, C., Knight, K., Livingstone, K. M., Malcomson, F. C., Sharp, L., Mathers, J. C., Ho, F. K., Celis-Morales, C., and Pell, J. P.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Public Health
• Journal Name: American Journal of Epidemiology
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• ISSN: 0002-9262
• ISSN (Online): 1476-6256
• Published Online: 18 October 2023