ACADM frameshift variant in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with medium-chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

Christen, M., Bongers, J., Mathis, D., Jagannathan, V., Quintana, R. G. and Leeb, T. (2022) ACADM frameshift variant in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with medium-chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Genes, 13(10), 1847. (doi: 10.3390/genes13101847) (PMID:36292732) (PMCID:PMC9601649)

Abstract

A 3-year-old, male neutered Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) presented with complex focal seizures and prolonged lethargy. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical signs, metabolic changes and underlying genetic defect. Blood and urine organic acid analysis revealed increased medium-chain fatty acids and together with the clinical findings suggested a diagnosis of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency. We sequenced the genome of the affected dog and compared the data to 923 control genomes of different dog breeds. The ACADM gene encoding MCAD was considered the top functional candidate gene. The genetic analysis revealed a single homozygous private protein-changing variant in ACADM in the affected dog. This variant, XM_038541645.1:c.444_445delinsGTTAATTCTCAATATTGTCTAAGAATTATG, introduces a premature stop codon and is predicted to result in truncation of ~63% of the wild type MCAD open reading frame, XP_038397573.1:p.(Thr150Ilefs*6). Targeted genotyping of the variant in 162 additional CKCS revealed a variant allele frequency of 23.5% and twelve additional homozygous mutant dogs. The acylcarnitine C8/C12 ratio was elevated ~43.3 fold in homozygous mutant dogs as compared to homozygous wild type dogs. Based on available clinical and biochemical data together with current knowledge in humans, we propose the ACADM frameshift variant as causative variant for the MCAD deficiency with likely contribution to the neurological phenotype in the index case. Testing the CKCS breeding population for the identified ACADM variant is recommended to prevent the unintentional breeding of dogs with MCAD deficiency. Further prospective studies are warranted to assess the clinical consequences of this enzyme defect.

• Item Type: Articles
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Gutierrez Quintana, Mr Rodrigo and Bongers, Jos
• Authors: Christen, M., Bongers, J., Mathis, D., Jagannathan, V., Quintana, R. G., and Leeb, T.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine
• Journal Name: Genes
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 2073-4425
• ISSN (Online): 2073-4425
• Published Online: 13 October 2022
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2022 The Authors
• First Published: First published in Genes 13(10): 1847
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons License