Meza, D. K. et al. (2022) Ecological determinants of rabies virus dynamics in vampire bats and spillover to livestock. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences, 289(1982), 20220860. (doi: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0860) (PMID:36069012) (PMCID:PMC9449476)
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Abstract
The pathogen transmission dynamics in bat reservoirs underpin efforts to reduce risks human-health and bat conservation but are notoriously challenging to resolve. For vampire-bat rabies, the geographic scale of enzootic cycles, whether environmental factors modulate baseline risk, and how within-host processes affect population-level dynamics remain unresolved. We studied patterns of rabies exposure using an 11-year, spatially-replicated sero-survey of 3,709 Peruvian vampire bats and co-occurring outbreaks in livestock. Seroprevalence was correlated among nearby sites but fluctuated asynchronously at larger distances. A generalized additive mixed model confirmed spatially-compartmentalized transmission cycles, but no effects of bat demography or environmental context on seroprevalence. Among 427 recaptured bats, we observed long-term survival following rabies exposure and antibody waning, supporting hypotheses that immunological mechanisms influence viral maintenance. Finally, seroprevalence in bats was only weakly correlated with outbreaks in livestock, reinforcing the challenge of spillover prediction even with extensive data. Together our results suggest that rabies maintenance requires transmission among multiple, nearby bat colonies which may be facilitated by waning of protective immunity. However, the likelihood of incursions and dynamics of transmission within bat colonies appear largely independent of bat ecology. The implications of these results for spillover anticipation and controlling transmission at the source are discussed.
| Item Type: | Articles |
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| Additional Information: | This work was funded by the Wellcome Trust (Sir Henry Dale Fellowship: 102507/Z/13/A; Senior Research Fellowship: 217221/Z/19/Z) and the US National Science Foundation (DEB-1020966). D.K.M. was funded by the Human Frontier Science Program (RGP0013/2018) and the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT: 334795/472296). |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Streicker, Professor Daniel and Viana, Dr Mafalda and Mollentze, Dr Nardus and Broos, Ms Alice |
| Creator Roles: | Mollentze, N.Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – review and editing Broos, A.Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review and editing Viana, M.Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing Streicker, D.Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing |
| Authors: | Meza, D. K., Mollentze, N., Broos, A., Tello, C., Valderrama, W., Recuenco, S., Carrera, J. E., Shiva, C., Falcon, N., Viana, M., and Streicker, D. G. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity > Centre for Virus Research |
| Journal Name: | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences |
| Publisher: | The Royal Society |
| ISSN: | 0962-8452 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1471-2954 |
| Published Online: | 07 September 2022 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2022 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in 289(1982):20220860 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons license |
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