Electrochemical and physicochemical degradability evaluation of printed flexible carbon electrodes in seawater

Franco, F. F. , Dervin, S. and Manjakkal, L. (2022) Electrochemical and physicochemical degradability evaluation of printed flexible carbon electrodes in seawater. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 920, 116592. (doi: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116592)

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Abstract

The environmental impact of metals and non-degradable plastics in printed electrodes has highlighted the need of employing sustainable materials in environmental monitoring. In this work, we developed a new sustainable graphite-based paste (G-PE) printed on a bioderived and biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate polyhydroxyvalerate substrate for tap water and seawater monitoring. We compared its performance against two standard screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) fabricated using commercial silver and carbon pastes (Ag-SPEs and C-SPEs) printed on a polyvinyl chloride substrate. The Ag-SPEs exhibited the lowest sheet resistance (RS = 0.053 Ω/sq), however they were also less reliable as silver oxidised and reacted with ions present in seawater. Meanwhile, the C-SPEs and G-PE presented similar RS (26.9 and 30.1 Ω/sq, respectively), were inert in different media and showed relatively stable response during cyclic bending studies (less than 2.3% relative resistance variation for the C-SPE). Physical and chemical degradation studies of the sustainable G-PE in seawater demonstrated relatively quick ultrasound induced dissolution (less than5 min) while the SPEs did not dissolve even after 30 min of sonication, highlighting the suitability of this new, eco-friendly G-PE for single use or short-term water quality monitoring applications.

Item Type:Articles
Keywords:Screen printing, sustainable flexible carbon electrodes, physical and chemical degradability, seawater monitoring, electrochemical studies.
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Fantinelli Franco, Ms Fabiane and Dervin, Miss Saoirse and Manjakkal, Dr Libu
Authors: Franco, F. F., Dervin, S., and Manjakkal, L.
Subjects:Q Science > QD Chemistry
T Technology > TP Chemical technology
College/School:College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering
College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Electronics and Nanoscale Engineering
College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Infrastructure and Environment
Research Group:Water and Environment Group
Journal Name:Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Publisher:Elsevier
ISSN:1572-6657
ISSN (Online):1873-2569
Published Online:06 July 2022
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2022 The Authors
First Published:First published in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 920: 116592
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons License

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Project CodeAward NoProject NamePrincipal InvestigatorFunder's NameFunder RefLead Dept
303114Innovative Network for Training in Water and Food Quality using Disposable Sensors,Ravinder DahiyaEuropean Commission (EC)813680ENG - Electronics & Nanoscale Engineering