Millimeter-wave power transmission for compact and large-area wearable IoT devices based on a higher order mode wearable antenna

Wagih, M. , Hilton, G. S., Weddell, A. S. and Beeby, S. (2022) Millimeter-wave power transmission for compact and large-area wearable IoT devices based on a higher order mode wearable antenna. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(7), pp. 5229-5239. (doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3107594)

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Abstract

Owing to the shorter wavelength in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum, miniaturized antennas can receive power with a higher efficiency than UHF bands, promising sustainable mmWave-powered Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Nevertheless, the performance of a mmWave power receiver has not been compared, numerically or experimentally, to its sub6-GHz counterpart. In this article, the performance of mmWave-powered receivers is evaluated based on a novel wearable textile-based higher order mode microstrip antenna, showing the benefits of wireless power transmission (WPT). First, a broadband antenna is proposed maintaining a stable wearable measured bandwidth from 24.9 to 31.1 GHz, over threefold improvement compared to a conventional patch. The proposed antenna has a measured 8.2 dBi co-polarized gain with the highest thickness-normalized efficiency of a wearable antenna. When evaluated for compact power receivers, the measured path gain shows that WPT at 26 GHz outperforms 2.4 GHz by 11 dB. A rectenna array based on the proposed antenna is then evaluated analytically showing the potential for up to 6.3x higher power reception compared to a UHF patch, based on the proposed antenna’s gain and an empirical path-loss model. Both use cases demonstrate that mmWave-powered rectennas are suitable for area-constrained and large-area wearable IoT applications.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Wagih, Dr Mahmoud
Authors: Wagih, M., Hilton, G. S., Weddell, A. S., and Beeby, S.
College/School:College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Systems Power and Energy
Journal Name:IEEE Internet of Things Journal
Publisher:IEEE
ISSN:2327-4662
ISSN (Online):2327-4662
Published Online:25 August 2021

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