Integrating microclimatic variation in phenological responses to climate change: A 28-year study in a hibernating mammal

Tamian, A. et al. (2022) Integrating microclimatic variation in phenological responses to climate change: A 28-year study in a hibernating mammal. Ecosphere, 13(5), e4059. (doi: 10.1002/ecs2.4059)

[img] Text
271247.pdf - Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution.

5MB

Abstract

Phenological shifts associated with directional changes in climate, resulting in earlier spring activities, have been documented in several animal species. However, the extent to which species respond to overall climate change versus local climate variation is rarely studied. In addition, climate data are usually averaged over large spatial scales, even though local heterogeneity in habitats may be high, and species might be more susceptible to changes in local rather than global climate conditions. In this study, we examined the effects of spatiotemporal climate variation and climate change on the phenology of a hibernating mountain rodent, the Columbian ground squirrel (Urocitellus columbianus). Over 28 years of research (1992–2019), we studied the relationship between the microclimatic conditions experienced by adult and juvenile ground squirrels from four neighboring meadows, and their dates of emergence from hibernation. We used a microclimate model to calculate microclimate variables (local snow depth, soil temperature, air temperature, wind speed, and humidity) at an hourly scale, a 5-m spatial resolution, and at animal height on the study sites over 28 years. Emergence dates varied with age and sex, among years, as well as among and within meadows, with some areas averaging up to 10 days earlier emergence dates from hibernation than others. While emergence dates tended to be delayed throughout the study period, long-term temporal changes and interannual variability in emergence dates differed among meadows and depended on individual age and sex. Dates of hibernation emergence were correlated with local climate variables considered either during hibernation or during the preceding summer. Ground squirrels emerged earlier in years or at locations when/where snow melted earlier (years: all individuals excluding 2-year-old males, locations: yearlings and older females), and when the previous summer was less windy (≥3-year-old individuals) and more humid (2-year-old males). Two-year-old male ground squirrels also emerged later in locations where snow depth during winter was higher. Using a microclimate model allowed realistic predictions of phenological responses to climate, highlighting its potential for research on animal responses to abiotic change.

Item Type:Articles
Keywords:Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Raveh, Dr Shirley
Authors: Tamian, A., Viblanc, V. A., Dobson, F. S., Neuhaus, P., Hammer, T. L., Nesterova, A. P., Raveh, S., Skibiel, A. L., Broussard, D., Manno, T. G., Rajamani, N., and Saraux, C.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine
Journal Name:Ecosphere
Publisher:Ecological Society of America
ISSN:2150-8925
Published Online:10 May 2022
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2022 The Authors
First Published:First published in Ecosphere 13(5): e4059
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons license
Data DOI:10.6084/m9.figshare.19152923

University Staff: Request a correction | Enlighten Editors: Update this record