Dietary patterns, genetic risk, and incidence of obesity: Application of reduced rank regression in 11,735 adults from the UK Biobank study

Livingstone, K. M., Brayner, B., Celis-Morales, C. , Ward, J., Mathers, J. C. and Bowe, S. J. (2022) Dietary patterns, genetic risk, and incidence of obesity: Application of reduced rank regression in 11,735 adults from the UK Biobank study. Preventive Medicine, 158, 107035. (doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107035) (PMID:35346749)

Abstract

Few studies have derived dietary patterns based on intake of discretionary foods and beverages and examined associations with genetic risk and obesity. We examined associations between dietary patterns based on discretionary foods, saturated fatty acids (SFA), and fiber, with a polygenetic risk score (PRS) for obesity and risk of overall obesity, central obesity and high body fat (BF) up to 9.7 years later. Data from 11,735 adults from the UK Biobank cohort study were used. Dietary patterns were derived from 24-h dietary assessments using reduced rank regression (response variables: discretionary foods and beverages [%E]; SFA [%E]; fiber density [g/MJ]). Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate associations between dietary patterns and incident overall obesity, central obesity and high BF, with interactions by PRS. Three dietary patterns (DP) were identified. DP1, correlated positively with discretionary foods and SFA, inversely with fiber, was associated with higher risk of central obesity (hazard ratio: 1.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.14). DP2, correlated positively with discretionary foods and fiber, inversely with SFA, was not associated with obesity incidence. DP3, correlated positively with SFA and fiber, inversely with discretionary foods, was associated with lower risk of central obesity (hazard ratio: 0.92; 95% confidence interval: 0.87, 0.98). There was limited evidence of interactions with PRS. A dietary pattern high in high-SFA and low-fiber discretionary foods and beverages was associated with higher risk of obesity, independent of genetic predisposition.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: KML is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership Fellowship [APP1173803]. JW is funded by the Lister Prize Fellowship [173096].
• Keywords: Obesity, Cohort study, Discretionary foods, Adults, Discretionary beverages, Dietary patterns, Reduced rank regression
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Celis, Dr Carlos
• Authors: Livingstone, K. M., Brayner, B., Celis-Morales, C., Ward, J., Mathers, J. C., and Bowe, S. J.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health
• Journal Name: Preventive Medicine
• Publisher: Elsevier
• ISSN: 0091-7435
• ISSN (Online): 1096-0260
• Published Online: 26 March 2022