Challenges in defining successful adherence to calorie restriction goals in humans: results from CALERIE™ 2

Martin, C. K., Höchsmann, C., Dorling, J. L. , Bhapkar, M., Pieper, C. F., Racette, S. B., Das, S. K., Redman, L. M., Kraus, W. E. and Ravussin, E. (2022) Challenges in defining successful adherence to calorie restriction goals in humans: results from CALERIE™ 2. Experimental Gerontology, 162, 111757. (doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111757) (PMID:35240264)

Abstract

Background: The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE™) phase 2 trial tested the effects of two years of 25% calorie restriction (CR) on aging in humans. CALERIE 2 was one of the first studies to use a graph of predicted weight loss to: 1) provide a proxy of dietary adherence, and 2) promote dietary adherence. Assuming 25% CR, each participant's weight over time was predicted, with upper and lower bounds around predicted weights. Thus, the resulting weight graph included a zone or range of body weights that reflected adherence to 25% CR, and this was named the zone of adherence. Participants were considered adherent if their weight was in this zone. It is unlikely, however, that the entire zone reflects 25% CR. Objectives: To determine the level of CR associated with the zone of adherence and if the level of CR achieved by participants was within the zone. Methods: Percent CR associated with the upper and lower bounds of the zone were determined via the Body Weight Planner (https://www.niddk.nih.gov/bwp) for participants in the CALERIE 2 CR group (N = 143). Percent CR achieved by participants was estimated with the intake-balance method. Results: At month 24, the zone of adherence ranged from 10.4(0.0)% to 19.4(0.0)% CR [Mean(SEM)], and participants achieved 11.9(0.7)% CR and were in the zone. Conclusion: The results highlight the challenges of: 1) setting a single CR goal vs. a range of acceptable values, and 2) obtaining real-time and valid measures of CR adherence to facilitate adherence.

• Item Type: Articles
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Dorling, Dr James
• Authors: Martin, C. K., Höchsmann, C., Dorling, J. L., Bhapkar, M., Pieper, C. F., Racette, S. B., Das, S. K., Redman, L. M., Kraus, W. E., and Ravussin, E.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing
• Journal Name: Experimental Gerontology
• Publisher: Elsevier
• ISSN: 0531-5565
• ISSN (Online): 1873-6815
• Published Online: 28 February 2022
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
• First Published: First published in Experimental Gerontology 162:111757
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy