Rural-urban difference in the prevalence of hypertension in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sani, R. N., Connelly, P. J. , Toft, M., Rowa-Dewar, N., Delles, C. , Gasevic, D. and Karaye, K. M. (2022) Rural-urban difference in the prevalence of hypertension in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Human Hypertension, (doi: 10.1038/s41371-022-00688-8) (PMID:35430612) (Early Online Publication)

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Abstract

Urbanisation is considered a major contributor to the rising prevalence of hypertension in West Africa, yet the evidence regarding rural-urban differences in the prevalence of hypertension in the region has been mixed. A systematic literature search of four electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, African Journals Online, and WHO’s African Index Medicus; and reference lists of eligible studies was carried out. Original quantitative studies describing the rural-urban difference in the prevalence of hypertension in one or more countries in West Africa, and published in English language from the year 2000 to 2021 were included. A random effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the odds ratio of hypertension in rural compared to urban locations. A limited sex-based random effects meta-analysis was conducted with 16 studies that provided sex-disaggregated data. Of the 377 studies screened, 22 met the inclusion criteria (n = 62,907). The prevalence of hypertension was high in both rural, and urban areas, ranging from 9.7% to 60% in the rural areas with a pooled prevalence of 27.4%; and 15.5% to 59.2% in the urban areas with a pooled prevalence of 33.9%. The odd of hypertension were lower in rural compared to urban dwellers [OR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.66-0.83; p < 0.001]. The pooled prevalence of hypertension was 32.6% in males, and 30.0% in females, with no significant difference in the odds of hypertension between the sexes [OR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.8-1.05, p = 0.196]. Comprehensive hypertension control policies are needed for both rural, and urban areas in West Africa, and for both sexes.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Early Online Publication
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Delles, Professor Christian and Connelly, Dr Paul
Authors: Sani, R. N., Connelly, P. J., Toft, M., Rowa-Dewar, N., Delles, C., Gasevic, D., and Karaye, K. M.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health
Journal Name:Journal of Human Hypertension
Publisher:Springer Nature
ISSN:0950-9240
ISSN (Online):1476-5527
Published Online:16 April 2022
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2022 The Authors
First Published:First published in Journal of Human Hypertension 2022
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons License

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Project CodeAward NoProject NamePrincipal InvestigatorFunder's NameFunder RefLead Dept
303944BHF Centre of ExcellenceColin BerryBritish Heart Foundation (BHF)RE/18/6/34217CAMS - Cardiovascular Science