HPLC/MS n profiling and healing activity of a muco-adhesive formula of Salvadora persica against acetic acid-induced oral ulcer in rats

Ayoub, N., Badr, N., Al-Ghamdi, S. S., Alsanosi, S., Alzahrani, A. R., Abdel-Naim, A. B., Nematallah, K. A. and Swilam, N. (2022) HPLC/MS n profiling and healing activity of a muco-adhesive formula of Salvadora persica against acetic acid-induced oral ulcer in rats. Nutrients, 14(1), 28. (doi: 10.3390/nu14010028) (PMID:35010903) (PMCID:PMC8746813)

[img] Text
261810.pdf - Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution.

17MB

Abstract

Salvadora persica L. (S. persica, Siwak) is an ethnic plant that is widely used for improving oral hygiene. This study aimed to provide a phytochemical profiling of S. persica ethyl acetate fraction (SPEAF) and to evaluate the healing activity of a muco-adhesive formula of the fraction against acetic acid-induced oral ulcers in rats. HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS-MS analysis of SPEAF resulted in the tentative identification of 56 metabolites containing fatty acids (23%), urea derivatives (10.5%) and sulphur compounds (10%), in addition to several amides, polyphenols and organic acids (6.5%, 5% and 2%, respectively). For the first time, 19 compounds were identified from S. persica. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the extract is non-toxic. SPEAF exhibited superior healing activities compared to both the negative and positive control groups on days 7 and 14 of tongue ulcer induction. This was confirmed by histopathological examinations of haematoxylin and eosin-stained (H) and Masson’s trichrome-stained tongue sections. Moreover, SPEAF showed potent anti-inflammatory activities, as evidenced by the inhibited expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, SPEAF exhibited potent antioxidant activity, as it prevented malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion and superoxide dismutase (SOD) exhaustion. SPEAF significantly enhanced hydroxyproline tongue content and upregulated collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1A1) mRNA expression. SPEAF also improved angiogenesis, as shown by the increased mRNA expression of the angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1). In conclusion, S. persica has a wide range of secondary metabolites and ameliorates acetic acid-induced tongue ulcers in rats. This can be attributed, at least partly, to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, procollagen and angiogenic activities. These findings provide support and validity for the use of S. persica as a traditional and conventional treatment for oral disorders.

Item Type:Articles
Additional Information:This research is fully funded by DSR at UQU, KSA (Grant Code: 19-MED-1-03-0010).
Keywords:Salvadora persica L., HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS-MS analysis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, angiogenesis, oral ulcer, wound healing.
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Alsanosi, Dr Safaa
Creator Roles:
Alsanosi, S.Methodology, Writing – original draft
Authors: Ayoub, N., Badr, N., Al-Ghamdi, S. S., Alsanosi, S., Alzahrani, A. R., Abdel-Naim, A. B., Nematallah, K. A., and Swilam, N.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health
Journal Name:Nutrients
Publisher:MDPI
ISSN:2072-6643
ISSN (Online):2072-6643
Published Online:22 December 2021
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2021 The Authors
First Published:First published in Nutrients 14(1): 28
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons License

University Staff: Request a correction | Enlighten Editors: Update this record