Davis, C. et al. (2021) Reduced neutralisation of the Delta (B.1.617.2) SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern following vaccination. PLoS Pathogens, 17(12), e1010022. (doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010022) (PMID:34855916) (PMCID:PMC8639073)
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Abstract
Vaccines are proving to be highly effective in controlling hospitalisation and deaths associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection but the emergence of viral variants with novel antigenic profiles threatens to diminish their efficacy. Assessment of the ability of sera from vaccine recipients to neutralise SARS-CoV-2 variants will inform the success of strategies for minimising COVID19 cases and the design of effective antigenic formulations. Here, we examine the sensitivity of variants of concern (VOCs) representative of the B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 (first associated with infections in India) and B.1.351 (first associated with infection in South Africa) lineages of SARS-CoV-2 to neutralisation by sera from individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) vaccines. Across all vaccinated individuals, the spike glycoproteins from B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 conferred reductions in neutralisation of 4.31 and 5.11-fold respectively. The reduction seen with the B.1.617.2 lineage approached that conferred by the glycoprotein from B.1.351 (South African) variant (6.29-fold reduction) that is known to be associated with reduced vaccine efficacy. Neutralising antibody titres elicited by vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 were significantly higher than those elicited by vaccination with two doses of ChAdOx1. Fold decreases in the magnitude of neutralisation titre following two doses of BNT162b2, conferred reductions in titre of 7.77, 11.30 and 9.56-fold respectively to B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2 and B.1.351 pseudoviruses, the reduction in neutralisation of the delta variant B.1.617.2 surpassing that of B.1.351. Fold changes in those vaccinated with two doses of ChAdOx1 were 0.69, 4.01 and 1.48 respectively. The accumulation of mutations in these VOCs, and others, demonstrate the quantifiable risk of antigenic drift and subsequent reduction in vaccine efficacy. Accordingly, booster vaccines based on updated variants are likely to be required over time to prevent productive infection. This study also suggests that two dose regimes of vaccine are required for maximal BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-induced immunity.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | Vaccines, antibodies, enzyme-linked immunoassays, vaccination and immunization, SARS CoV 2, antibody response, viral vaccines, HIV vaccines. |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Robertson, Professor David and Willett, Professor Brian and Blacow, Dr Rachel and Logan, Miss Nicola and Thomson, Professor Emma and Palmarini, Professor Massimo and Haughney, Dr John and Patel, Professor Arvind and Mollett, Mr Guy and Tyson, Grace and Davis, Dr Chris and Harvey, Dr William and Murcia, Professor Pablo and Orton, Dr Richard |
| Creator Roles: | Davis, C.Formal analysis, Project administration, Writing – review and editing Logan, N.Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation Tyson, G.Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation Orton, R.Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review and editing Harvey, W. T.Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review and editing Mollett, G.Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review and editing Blacow, R. M.Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review and editing Palmarini, M.Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review and editing Murcia, P. R.Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review and editing Patel, A. H.Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review and editing Robertson, D. L.Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review and editing Haughney, J.Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review and editing Thomson, E. C.Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review and editing Willett, B. J.Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing |
| Authors: | Davis, C., Logan, N., Tyson, G., Orton, R., Harvey, W. T., Perkins, J. S., Mollett, G., Blacow, R. M., Peacock, T. P., Barclay, W. S., Cherepanov, P., Palmarini, M., Murcia, P. R., Patel, A. H., Robertson, D. L., Haughney, J., Thomson, E. C., and Willett, B. J. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity > Centre for Virus Research |
| Journal Name: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Publisher: | Public Library of Science |
| ISSN: | 1553-7366 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1553-7374 |
| Published Online: | 02 December 2021 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2021 Davis et al. |
| First Published: | First published in PLoS Pathogens 17(12): e1010022 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons License |
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