Entamoeba and Giardia parasites implicated as hosts of CRESS viruses

Kinsella, C. M., Bart, A., Deijs, M., Broekhuizen, P., Kaczorowska, J., Jebbink, M. F., van Gool, T., Cotten, M. and van der Hoek, L. (2020) Entamoeba and Giardia parasites implicated as hosts of CRESS viruses. Nature Communications, 11, 4620. (doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18474-w) (PMID:32934242) (PMCID:PMC7493932)

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Abstract

Metagenomic techniques have enabled genome sequencing of unknown viruses without isolation in cell culture, but information on the virus host is often lacking, preventing viral characterisation. High-throughput methods capable of identifying virus hosts based on genomic data alone would aid evaluation of their medical or biological relevance. Here, we address this by linking metagenomic discovery of three virus families in human stool samples with determination of probable hosts. Recombination between viruses provides evidence of a shared host, in which genetic exchange occurs. We utilise networks of viral recombination to delimit virus-host clusters, which are then anchored to specific hosts using (1) statistical association to a host organism in clinical samples, (2) endogenous viral elements in host genomes, and (3) evidence of host small RNA responses to these elements. This analysis suggests two CRESS virus families (Naryaviridae and Nenyaviridae) infect Entamoeba parasites, while a third (Vilyaviridae) infects Giardia duodenalis. The trio supplements five CRESS virus families already known to infect eukaryotes, extending the CRESS virus host range to protozoa. Phylogenetic analysis implies CRESS viruses infecting multicellular life have evolved independently on at least three occasions.

Item Type:Articles
Additional Information:This research was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions grant agreement no. 721367 (HONOURs). We thank Alexander Suh and Arthur Edridge for helpful discussions and feedback throughout the study, and Margreet Bakker for excellent management of the storage and selection of clinical samples. We also gratefully acknowledge the Amsterdam Cohort Studies (ACS) on HIV infection and AIDS, a collaboration between the Public Health Service of Amsterdam, the Amsterdam UMC of the University of Amsterdam, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Medical Center Jan van Goyen, and the HIV Focus Center of the DC-Clinics. The ACS is part of the Netherlands HIV Monitoring Foundation and financially supported by the Center for Infectious Disease Control of the Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment.
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Cotten, Professor Matthew
Creator Roles:
Cotten, M.Investigation, Writing – review and editing
Authors: Kinsella, C. M., Bart, A., Deijs, M., Broekhuizen, P., Kaczorowska, J., Jebbink, M. F., van Gool, T., Cotten, M., and van der Hoek, L.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity
College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity > Centre for Virus Research
Journal Name:Nature Communications
Publisher:Nature Research
ISSN:2041-1723
ISSN (Online):2041-1723
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2020 The Authors
First Published:First published in Nature Communications 11: 4620
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons License

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