Contamination of air and surfaces in workplaces with SARS-CoV-2 Virus: a systematic review

Cherrie, J. W., Cherrie, M. P.C., Smith, A., Holmes, D., Semple, S., Steinle, S., MacDonald, E. , Moore, G. and Loh, M. (2021) Contamination of air and surfaces in workplaces with SARS-CoV-2 Virus: a systematic review. Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 65(8), pp. 879-892. (doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxab026) (PMID:34329379) (PMCID:PMC8385829)

Abstract

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the evidence for air and surface contamination of workplace environments with SARS-CoV-2 RNA and the quality of the methods used to identify actions necessary to improve the quality of the data. Methods: We searched Web of Science and Google Scholar until 24 December 2020 for relevant articles and extracted data on methodology and results. Results: The vast majority of data come from healthcare settings, with typically around 6% of samples having detectable concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and almost none of the samples collected had viable virus. There were a wide variety of methods used to measure airborne virus, although surface sampling was generally undertaken using nylon flocked swabs. Overall, the quality of the measurements was poor. Only a small number of studies reported the airborne concentration of SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA, mostly just reporting the detectable concentration values without reference to the detection limit. Imputing the geometric mean air concentration assuming the limit of detection was the lowest reported value, suggests typical concentrations in healthcare settings may be around 0.01 SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA copies m−3. Data on surface virus loading per unit area were mostly unavailable. Conclusions: The reliability of the reported data is uncertain. The methods used for measuring SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses in work environments should be standardized to facilitate more consistent interpretation of contamination and to help reliably estimate worker exposure.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: This work was carried out within a project on the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Novel workplace interventions in protecting healthcare workers from virus infection, funded by the Scottish Chief Scientists Office (grant no. COV/IOM/20/01).
• Keywords: Aerosol, fomite, hospital, SARS-CoV-2, surface, transportation, virus.
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: MacDonald, Professor Ewan
• Authors: Cherrie, J. W., Cherrie, M. P.C., Smith, A., Holmes, D., Semple, S., Steinle, S., MacDonald, E., Moore, G., and Loh, M.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Public Health
• Journal Name: Annals of Work Exposures and Health
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• ISSN: 2398-7308
• ISSN (Online): 2398-7316
• Published Online: 30 July 2021
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2021 The Authors
• First Published: First published in Annals of Work Exposures and Health 65(8):879-892
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy