Racial variations in appetite-related hormones, appetite, and laboratory-based energy intake from the E-MECHANIC randomized clinical trial

Dorling, J. L. , Church, T. S., Myers, C. A., Höchsmann, C., White, U. A., Hsia, D. S., Martin, C. K. and Apolzan, J. W. (2019) Racial variations in appetite-related hormones, appetite, and laboratory-based energy intake from the E-MECHANIC randomized clinical trial. Nutrients, 11(9), 2018. (doi: 10.3390/nu11092018) (PMID:31466276) (PMCID:PMC6770918)

Abstract

African Americans (AAs) have a higher obesity risk than Whites; however, it is unclear if appetite-related hormones and food intake are implicated. We examined differences in appetite-related hormones, appetite, and food intake between AAs (n = 53) and Whites (n = 111) with overweight or obesity. Participants were randomized into a control group or into supervised, controlled exercise groups at 8 kcal/kg of body weight/week (KKW) or 20 KKW. Participants consumed lunch and dinner at baseline and follow-up, with appetite and hormones measured before and after meals (except leptin). At baseline, AAs had lower peptide YY (PYY; p < 0.01) and a blunted elevation in PYY after lunch (p = 0.01), as well as lower ghrelin (p = 0.02) and higher leptin (p < 0.01) compared to Whites. Despite desire to eat being lower and satisfaction being higher in AAs relative to Whites (p ≤ 0.03), no racial differences in food intake were observed. Compared to Whites, leptin increased in the 8 KKW group in AAs (p = 0.01), yet no other race-by-group interactions were evident. Differences in appetite-related hormones between AAs and Whites exist; however, their influence on racial disparities in appetite, food intake, and obesity within this trial was limited.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institutes of Health via the National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute with the multiple principal investigators being C. Martin and T. Church (R01 HL102166); the NORC Center Grant P30 DK072476, entitled “Nutritional Programming: Environmental and Molecular Interactions” sponsored by NIDDK; the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, which funds the Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science Center (U54 GM104940); and NIH grant F32 HL123242.
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Dorling, Dr James
• Authors: Dorling, J. L., Church, T. S., Myers, C. A., Höchsmann, C., White, U. A., Hsia, D. S., Martin, C. K., and Apolzan, J. W.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing
• Journal Name: Nutrients
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 2072-6643
• ISSN (Online): 2072-6643
• Published Online: 28 August 2019
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2019 The Authors
• First Published: First published in Nutrients 11(9): 2018
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons License