Two new antiprotozoal diterpenes from the roots of Acacia nilotica

Anyam, J. V., Daikwo, P. E., Ungogo, M. A., Nweze, N. E., Igoli, N. P., Gray, A. I., De Koning, H. P. and Igoli, J. O. (2021) Two new antiprotozoal diterpenes from the roots of Acacia nilotica. Frontiers in Chemistry, 9, 624741. (doi: 10.3389/fchem.2021.624741) (PMID:33968894) (PMCID:PMC8097170)

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Abstract

The powdered roots of the medicinal plant Acacia nilotica were extracted with hexane and ethyl acetate, and the extracts were subjected to column chromatography for the isolation of potentially bioactive compounds and their screening against kinetoplastid pathogens. NMR and HREI mass spectrometric analyses identified two new diterpenes, characterized as 16, 19-dihydroxycassa-12-en-15-one (Sandynone, 1) and (5S, 7R, 8R, 9R, 10S, 13Z, 17S)-7,8:7,17:16,17-triepoxy-7,8-seco-cassa-13-ene (niloticane B, 2). The previously reported (5S,7R,8R,9R,10S) -(-)-7,8-seco-7, 8-oxacassa-13,15-diene-7,17-diol (3), (5S,7R,8R,9R,10S) -(-)-7,8-seco-7, 8-oxacassa-13,15-dien-7-ol-17-al (4), and (5S,7R,8R,9R,10S) -(-)-7,8-seco-7, 8-oxacassa-13,15-dien-7-ol (5) a, mixture of stigmasterol (6a) and sitosterol (6b), and lupeol (7) were also isolated. Several column fractions displayed significant activity against a panel of Trypanosoma and Leishmania spp., and from the most active fraction, compound 4 was isolated with high purity. The compound displayed high activity, particularly against T. brucei, T. evansi, and L. mexicana (0.88–11.7 µM) but only a modest effect against human embryonic kidney cells and no cross-resistance with the commonly used melaminophenyl arsenical and diamidine classes of trypanocides. The effect of compound 4 against L. mexicana promastigotes was irreversible after a 5-h exposure, leading to the sterilization of the culture between 24 and 48 h.

Item Type:Articles
Additional Information:MAU was in receipt of a Ph.D. studentship from the Petroleum Technology Development Fund of Nigeria (Grant number: 18/UK/PHD/042).
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Nweze, Dr Nwakaego and Ungogo, Mr Marzuq and De Koning, Professor Harry and Gray, Mr Alexander
Authors: Anyam, J. V., Daikwo, P. E., Ungogo, M. A., Nweze, N. E., Igoli, N. P., Gray, A. I., De Koning, H. P., and Igoli, J. O.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity
Journal Name:Frontiers in Chemistry
Publisher:Frontiers Media
ISSN:2296-2646
ISSN (Online):2296-2646
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2021 The Authors
First Published:First published in Frontiers in Chemistry 9:624741
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons License

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