Spatial and temporal inequalities in mortality in the USA, 1968-2016

Wami, W. , Walsh, D. , Hennig, B. D., McCartney, G. , Dorling, D., Galaea, S., Sampson, L. and Dundas, R. (2021) Spatial and temporal inequalities in mortality in the USA, 1968-2016. Health and Place, 70, 102586. (doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102586) (PMID:34010784)

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Abstract

Previous UK and European research has highlighted important variations in mortality between populations after adjustment for key determinants such as poverty and deprivation. The aim here was to establish whether similar populations could be identified in the US, and to examine changes over time. We employed Poisson regression models to compare county-level mortality with national rates between 1968 and 2016, adjusting for poverty, education, race (a proxy for exposure to racism), population change and deindustrialisation. Results are presented by means of population-weighted cartograms, and highlight widening spatial inequalities in mortality over time, including an urban to rural, and south-westward, shift in areas with the highest levels of such unexplained ‘excess’ mortality. There is a need to understand the causes of the excess in affected communities, given that it persists after adjustment for such a broad range of important health determinants.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:McCartney, Professor Gerard and Wami, Welcome and Walsh, Dr David and Dundas, Professor Ruth
Authors: Wami, W., Walsh, D., Hennig, B. D., McCartney, G., Dorling, D., Galaea, S., Sampson, L., and Dundas, R.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > MRC/CSO SPHSU
College of Social Sciences > School of Social and Political Sciences > Sociology Anthropology and Applied Social Sciences
Journal Name:Health and Place
Publisher:Elsevier
ISSN:1353-8292
ISSN (Online):1873-2054
Published Online:16 May 2021
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2021 The Author(s)
First Published:First published in Health and Place 70: 102586
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons licence

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Project CodeAward NoProject NamePrincipal InvestigatorFunder's NameFunder RefLead Dept
727651Measuring and Analysing Socioeconomic Inequalities in HealthAlastair LeylandMedical Research Council (MRC)MC_UU_12017/13HW - MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit
727651Measuring and Analysing Socioeconomic Inequalities in HealthAlastair LeylandOffice of the Chief Scientific Adviser (CSO)SPHSU13HW - MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit