Haining, K., Brunner, G., Gajwani, R. , Gross, J. , Gumley, A. I. , Lawrie, S. M., Schwannauer, M., Schultze-Lutter, F. and Uhlhaas, P. J. (2021) The relationship between cognitive deficits and impaired short-term functional outcome in clinical high-risk for psychosis participants: a machine learning and modelling approach. Schizophrenia Research, 231, pp. 24-31. (doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.02.019) (PMID:33744682)
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Abstract
Poor functional outcomes are common in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P), but the contribution of cognitive deficits remains unclear. We examined the potential utility of cognitive variables in predictive models of functioning at baseline and follow-up with machine learning methods. Additional models fitted on baseline functioning variables were used as a benchmark to evaluate model performance. Data were available for 1) 146 CHR-P individuals of whom 118 completed a 6- and/or 12-month follow-up, 2) 47 participants not fulfilling CHR criteria (CHR-Ns) but displaying affective and substance use disorders and 3) 55 healthy controls (HCs). Predictors of baseline global assessment of functioning (GAF) scores were selected by L1-regularised least angle regression and then used to train classifiers to predict functional outcome in CHR-P individuals. In CHR-P participants, cognitive deficits together with clinical and functioning variables explained 41% of the variance in baseline GAF scores while cognitive variables alone explained 12%. These variables allowed classification of functional outcome with an average balanced accuracy (BAC) of 63% in both mixed- and cross-site models. However, higher accuracies (68%–70%) were achieved using classifiers fitted only on baseline functioning variables. Our findings suggest that cognitive deficits, alongside clinical and functioning variables, displayed robust relationships with impaired functioning in CHR-P participants at baseline and follow-up. Moreover, these variables allow for prediction of functional outcome. However, models based on baseline functioning variables showed a similar performance, highlighting the need to develop more accurate algorithms for predicting functional outcome in CHR-P participants.
Item Type: | Articles |
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Status: | Published |
Refereed: | Yes |
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Uhlhaas, Professor Peter and Brunner, Gina and Haining, Dr Kate and Gajwani, Dr Ruchika and Gross, Professor Joachim and Gumley, Professor Andrew |
Authors: | Haining, K., Brunner, G., Gajwani, R., Gross, J., Gumley, A. I., Lawrie, S. M., Schwannauer, M., Schultze-Lutter, F., and Uhlhaas, P. J. |
College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Mental Health and Wellbeing College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Psychology & Neuroscience |
Journal Name: | Schizophrenia Research |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
ISSN: | 0920-9964 |
ISSN (Online): | 1573-2509 |
Published Online: | 18 March 2021 |
Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. |
First Published: | First published in Schizophrenia Research 231:24-31 |
Publisher Policy: | Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy |
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