Scott, H., Biello, S. M. and Cleland Woods, H. (2021) Nodding off but can't disconnect: development and validation of the iNOD index of Nighttime Offline Distress. Sleep Medicine, 81, pp. 430-438. (doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.045)
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Abstract
Background: There is a pressing need to update sleep models, education and treatment to better reflect the realities of sleep in a 24/7 connected social world. Progress has been limited to date by available measurement tools, which have largely focused on the frequency or duration of individuals’ social media use, without capturing crucial sleep-relevant aspects of this inherently social and interactive experience. Methods: Survey data from 3,008 adolescents (aged 10-18 years) was used to rigorously develop and validate a new self-report measure that quantifies difficulty disengaging from social media interactions at night: the index of Nighttime Offline Distress (iNOD). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor analyses in a random split sample produced a ten-item two-factor solution, with subscales capturing concerns about Staying Connected and Following Etiquette (Cronbach’s alphas = .91 and .92 respectively). Results: Those with higher scores on these subscales tended to report using social media for longer after they felt they should be asleep (rs = .41 and .26, respectively), shorter sleep duration (rs = -.24 and -.17, respectively) and poorer sleep quality (rs = -.33 and -.31, respectively). Results also pointed towards a potentially fragmented process of sleep displacement for those who may struggle to disconnect - and to stay disconnected - from social interactions in order to allow sufficient uninterrupted sleep opportunity. Conclusions: These findings can inform current models for understanding normal and disordered sleep during adolescence, whilst highlighting specific social concerns as important potential targets for sleep education efforts.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Cleland Woods, Heather and Biello, Professor Stephany and Scott, Dr Holly |
| Creator Roles: | Scott, H.Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft Biello, S. M.Supervision, Writing – review and editing Cleland Woods, H.Supervision, Writing – review and editing |
| Authors: | Scott, H., Biello, S. M., and Cleland Woods, H. |
| College/School: | College of Science and Engineering > School of Psychology |
| Journal Name: | Sleep Medicine |
| Publisher: | Elsevier |
| ISSN: | 1389-9457 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1878-5506 |
| Published Online: | 04 March 2021 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. |
| First Published: | First published in Sleep Medicine 81: 430-438 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy |
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