Following the Science? Comparison of methodological and reporting quality of covid-19 and other research from the first wave of the pandemic

Quinn, T. J. et al. (2021) Following the Science? Comparison of methodological and reporting quality of covid-19 and other research from the first wave of the pandemic. BMC Medicine, 19, 46. (doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-01920-x) (PMID:33618741) (PMCID:PMC7899793)

Abstract

Background: Following the initial identification of the 2019 coronavirus disease (covid-19), the subsequent months saw substantial increases in published biomedical research. Concerns have been raised in both scientific and lay press around the quality of some of this research. We assessed clinical research from major clinical journals, comparing methodological and reporting quality of covid-19 papers published in the first wave (here defined as December 2019 to May 2020 inclusive) of the viral pandemic with non-covid papers published at the same time. Methods: We reviewed research publications (print and online) from The BMJ, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), The Lancet, and New England Journal of Medicine, from first publication of a covid-19 research paper (February 2020) to May 2020 inclusive. Paired reviewers were randomly allocated to extract data on methodological quality (risk of bias) and reporting quality (adherence to reporting guidance) from each paper using validated assessment tools. A random 10% of papers were assessed by a third, independent rater. Overall methodological quality for each paper was rated high, low or unclear. Reporting quality was described as percentage of total items reported. Results: From 168 research papers, 165 were eligible, including 54 (33%) papers with a covid-19 focus. For methodological quality, 18 (33%) covid-19 papers and 83 (73%) non-covid papers were rated as low risk of bias, OR 6.32 (95%CI 2.85 to 14.00). The difference in quality was maintained after adjusting for publication date, results, funding, study design, journal and raters (OR 6.09 (95%CI 2.09 to 17.72)). For reporting quality, adherence to reporting guidelines was poorer for covid-19 papers, mean percentage of total items reported 72% (95%CI:66 to 77) for covid-19 papers and 84% (95%CI:81 to 87) for non-covid. Conclusions: Across various measures, we have demonstrated that covid-19 research from the first wave of the pandemic was potentially of lower quality than contemporaneous non-covid research. While some differences may be an inevitable consequence of conducting research during a viral pandemic, poor reporting should not be accepted.

• Item Type: Articles
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Rana, Miss Dikshyanta and Burton, Dr Jenni and McGill, Dr Kris and Field, Mr Ryan and Xin, Miss Yiqiao and Quinn, Professor Terry and Geue, Dr Claudia and Taylor-Rowan, Dr Martin
• Authors: Quinn, T. J., Burton, J. K., Carter, B., Cooper, N., Dwan, K., Field, R., Freeman, S. C., Geue, C., Hsieh, P.-H., McGill, K., Nevill, C. R., Rana, D., Sutton, A., Taylor Rowan, M., and Xin, Y.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine
• Journal Name: BMC Medicine
• Publisher: BioMed Central
• ISSN: 1741-7015
• ISSN (Online): 1741-7015
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2021 The Authors
• First Published: First published in BMC Medicine 19: 46
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons License

Project Code	Award No	Project Name	Principal Investigator	Funder's Name	Funder Ref	Lead Dept
190914		SRP Complex Reviews Research Support Unit	Olivia Wu	National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)	14/178/29	HW - Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment