Baldo, F., Suárez, N. M., Davison, A. J. , Zanon, D., Barbi, E. and Maximova, N. (2021) Post-HSCT graft failure due to refractory human cytomegalovirus successfully treated with haploidentical donor-derived immunoglobulins and stem cell graft infusion: a case report. Antiviral Research, 188, 105024. (doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105024) (PMID:33577809)
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Abstract
Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains an important cause of transplant-related morbidity and mortality. The incidence of HCMV recurrence in the donor seronegative (D-)/recipient seropositive (R+) group is significantly higher than in other serostatus combinations as a result of a lack of pre-existing HCMV-specific memory T-lymphocytes in the donor, coupled with the eradication of the recipient's cellular immunity due to the conditioning regimen. Case presentation: We describe the case of an 8-year-old βE-thalassemic girl from Bangladesh who was seropositive for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a HLA-matched, unrelated, HCMV-seronegative donor. Despite administering antiviral prophylaxis with commercial pooled anti-HCMV immunoglobulin (Ig) from day +1, the post-transplant course was complicated by prompt viral reactivation, and foscarnet therapy was initiated. The virus was refractory to treatment, leading rapidly to complete bone marrow failure, and targeted immunotherapy was proposed as a second-line therapy. Hypothesizing that the patient and her relatives may have been exposed to similar HCMV strains, we selected the patient's mother, who presented a high HCMV antibody titer, as the donor of virus strain-specific anti-HCMV Ig and T-lymphocytes. Complete viral clearance was achieved after two transfusions of the mother's plasma. Subsequently, the patient underwent a haploidentical rescue transplant, promptly reaching full hematological recovery. Conclusion: These findings suggest that treatment with virus strain-specific Ig may offer a new therapeutic option for critically ill patients.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Davison, Professor Andrew and Suarez, Dr Nicolas |
| Authors: | Baldo, F., Suárez, N. M., Davison, A. J., Zanon, D., Barbi, E., and Maximova, N. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity > Centre for Virus Research |
| Journal Name: | Antiviral Research |
| Publisher: | Elsevier |
| ISSN: | 0166-3542 |
| ISSN (Online): | 1872-9096 |
| Published Online: | 09 February 2021 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2021 The Authors |
| First Published: | First published in Antiviral Research 188:105024 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons licence |
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