Dual band and dual diversity four-element MIMO dipole for 5G handsets

Jamshed, M. A., Ur-Rehman, M. , Frnda, J., Althuwayb, A. A., Nauman, A. and Cengiz, K. (2021) Dual band and dual diversity four-element MIMO dipole for 5G handsets. Sensors, 21(3), 767. (doi: 10.3390/s21030767)

Abstract

The increasing popularity of using wireless devices to handle routine tasks has increased the demand for incorporating multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technology to utilize limited bandwidth efficiently. The presence of comparatively large space at the base station (BS) makes it straightforward to exploit the MIMO technology’s useful properties. From a mobile handset point of view, and limited space at the mobile handset, complex procedures are required to increase the number of active antenna elements. In this paper, to address such type of issues, a four-element MIMO dual band, dual diversity, dipole antenna has been proposed for 5G-enabled handsets. The proposed antenna design relies on space diversity as well as pattern diversity to provide an acceptable MIMO performance. The proposed dipole antenna simultaneously operates at 3.6 and 4.7 sub-6 GHz bands. The usefulness of the proposed 4×4 MIMO dipole antenna has been verified by comparing the simulated and measured results using a fabricated version of the proposed antenna. A specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis has been carried out using CST Voxel (a heterogeneous biological human head) model, which shows maximum SAR value for 10 g of head tissue is well below the permitted value of 2.0 W/kg. The total efficiency of each antenna element in this structure is −2.88, −3.12, −1.92 and −2.45 dB at 3.6 GHz, while at 4.7 GHz are −1.61, −2.19, −1.72 and −1.18 dB respectively. The isolation, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) between the adjacent ports and the loss in capacity is below the standard margin, making the structure appropriate for MIMO applications. The effect of handgrip and the housing box on the total antenna efficiency is analyzed, and only 5% variation is observed, which results from careful placement of antenna elements.

• Item Type: Articles
• Additional Information: This research was supported by the institutional research of the Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications—University of Zilina, no. 3/KKMHI/2020.
• Keywords: Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), printed dipole, 5G handset antennas, dual band, dual diversity,
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Jamshed, Dr Muhammad Ali and Ur Rehman, Dr Masood

Creator Roles

Jamshed, M. A.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing – original draft
Ur-Rehman, M.: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – review and editing, Supervision

• Authors: Jamshed, M. A., Ur-Rehman, M., Frnda, J., Althuwayb, A. A., Nauman, A., and Cengiz, K.
• College/School: College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Autonomous Systems and Connectivity
• Journal Name: Sensors
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 1424-8220
• ISSN (Online): 1424-8220
• Published Online: 24 January 2021
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2021 The Authors
• First Published: First published in Sensors 21(3): 767
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons License