Validity of surrogate endpoints and their impact on coverage recommendations. A retrospective analysis across international health technology assessment agencies

Ciani, O., Grigore, B., Blommestein, H., de Groot, S., Möllenkamp, M., Rabbe, S., Daubner-Bendes, R. and Taylor, R. S. (2021) Validity of surrogate endpoints and their impact on coverage recommendations. A retrospective analysis across international health technology assessment agencies. Medical Decision Making, 41(4), pp. 439-452. (doi: 10.1177/0272989X21994553) (PMID:33719711) (PMCID:PMC8108112)

Abstract

Background: Surrogate endpoints (i.e., intermediate endpoints intended to predict for patient-centered outcomes) are increasingly common. However, little is known about how surrogate evidence is handled in the context of health technology assessment (HTA). Objectives: 1) To map methodologies for the validation of surrogate endpoints and 2) to determine their impact on acceptability of surrogates and coverage decisions made by HTA agencies. Methods: We sought HTA reports where evaluation relied on a surrogate from 8 HTA agencies. We extracted data on the methods applied for surrogate validation. We assessed the level of agreement between agencies and fitted mixed-effects logistic regression models to test the impact of validation approaches on the agency’s acceptability of the surrogate endpoint and their coverage recommendation. Results: Of the 124 included reports, 61 (49%) discussed the level of evidence to support the relationship between the surrogate and the patient-centered endpoint, 27 (22%) reported a correlation coefficient/association measure, and 40 (32%) quantified the expected effect on the patient-centered outcome. Overall, the surrogate endpoint was deemed acceptable in 49 (40%) reports (k-coefficient 0.10, P = 0.004). Any consideration of the level of evidence was associated with accepting the surrogate endpoint as valid (odds ratio [OR], 4.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60–13.18, P = 0.005). However, we did not find strong evidence of an association between accepting the surrogate endpoint and agency coverage recommendation (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.23–2.20; P = 0.55). Conclusions: Handling of surrogate endpoint evidence in reports varied greatly across HTA agencies, with inconsistent consideration of the level of evidence and statistical validation. Our findings call for careful reconsideration of the issue of surrogacy and the need for harmonization of practices across international HTA agencies.

• Item Type: Articles
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Taylor, Professor Rod
• Authors: Ciani, O., Grigore, B., Blommestein, H., de Groot, S., Möllenkamp, M., Rabbe, S., Daubner-Bendes, R., and Taylor, R. S.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > MRC/CSO SPHSU
• Journal Name: Medical Decision Making
• Publisher: SAGE Publications
• ISSN: 0272-989X
• ISSN (Online): 1552-681X
• Published Online: 10 March 2021
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2021 The Authors
• First Published: First published in Medical Decision Making 41(4): 439-462
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced under a Creative Commons licence