Changing mortality trends in countries and cities of the United Kingdom (UK): a population-based trend analysis

Walsh, D. , McCartney, G., Minton, J. , Parkinson, J., Shipton, D. and Whyte, B. (2020) Changing mortality trends in countries and cities of the United Kingdom (UK): a population-based trend analysis. BMJ Open, 10(11), e038135. (doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038135) (PMID:33154048) (PMCID:PMC7646340)

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Abstract

Objectives: Previously improving life expectancy and all-cause mortality in the UK has stalled since the early 2010s. National analyses have demonstrated changes in mortality rates for most age groups and causes of death, and with deprived populations most affected. The aims here were to establish whether similar changes have occurred across different parts of the UK (countries, cities), and to examine cause-specific trends in more detail. Design: Population-based trend analysis. Participants/setting: Whole populations of countries and selected cities of the UK. Primary and secondary outcome measures European age-standardised mortality rates (calculated by cause of death, country, city, year (1981–2017), age group, sex and—for all countries and Scottish cities—deprivation quintiles); changes in rates between 5-year periods; summary measures of both relative (relative index of inequality) and absolute (slope index of inequality) inequalities. Results: Changes in mortality from around 2011/2013 were observed throughout the UK for all adult age groups. For example, all-age female rates decreased by approximately 4%–6% during the 1980s and 1990s, approximately 7%–9% during the 2000s, but by <1% between 2011/2013 and 2015/2017. Equivalent figures for men were 4%–7%, 8%–12% and 1%–3%, respectively. This later period saw increased mortality among the most deprived populations, something observed in all countries and cities analysed, and for most causes of death: absolute and relative inequalities therefore increased. Although similar trends were seen across all parts of the UK, particular issues apply in Scotland, for example, higher and increasing drug-related mortality (with the highest rates observed in Dundee and Glasgow). Conclusions: The study presents further evidence of changing mortality in the UK. The timing, geography and socioeconomic gradients associated with the changes appear to support suggestions that they may result, at least in part, from UK Government ‘austerity’ measures which have disproportionately affected the poorest.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Whyte, Mr Bruce and Minton, Dr Jonathan and Shipton, Dr Deborah and Walsh, Dr David
Authors: Walsh, D., McCartney, G., Minton, J., Parkinson, J., Shipton, D., and Whyte, B.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > General Practice and Primary Care
College of Social Sciences > School of Social and Political Sciences
Journal Name:BMJ Open
Publisher:BMJ Publishing Group
ISSN:2044-6055
ISSN (Online):2044-6055
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2020 The Authors
First Published:First published in BMJ Open 10:e038135
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons Licence

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