The osteocyte as a novel key player in understanding periodontitis through its expression of RANKL and sclerostin: a review

de Vries, T. J. and Huesa, C. (2019) The osteocyte as a novel key player in understanding periodontitis through its expression of RANKL and sclerostin: a review. Current Osteoporosis Reports, 17(3), pp. 116-121. (doi: 10.1007/s11914-019-00509-x) (PMID:30924022) (PMCID:PMC6491659)

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Abstract

Purpose of Review Periodontitis is the inflammation-associated bone loss disease of the alveolar bone that surrounds teeth. Classically, the emphasis on the etiology of periodontitis has been on the products of periodontal pathogens that lead to an inflammatory response of the soft tissues of the periodontium, eventually leading to activation of osteoclasts that degrade the alveolar bone. Until recently, the response of osteocytes that populate the alveolar bone, and that are known for their regulatory role in bone anabolism and catabolism, has not been addressed. Recent Findings This review demonstrates that osteocytes play a key contributing role in periodontitis progression in various experimental mouse and rat periodontitis models. Osteocytes are the key expressing cells of both osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL as well as osteoblast activity regulator sclerostin. Targeted deletion of RANKL in osteocytes prevents osteoclast formation, thereby impairing periodontitis, despite the pressure of periodontitis-associated bacteria. Antibodies against the osteocyte-derived protein sclerostin inhibit and partially revert periodontitis by stimulating bone formation. Summary Experimental mouse and rat periodontitis models strongly indicate a key role for the bone-encapsulated osteocyte in understanding periodontitis etiology.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Huesa, Dr Carmen
Authors: de Vries, T. J., and Huesa, C.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity
Research Centre:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Infection & Immunity > Centre for Immunobiology
Journal Name:Current Osteoporosis Reports
Publisher:Springer
ISSN:1544-1873
ISSN (Online):1544-2241
Published Online:28 March 2019
Copyright Holders:Copyright © The Author(s) 2019
First Published:First published in Current Osteoporosis Reports 17(3):116-121
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons licence

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