Lip, S. and Padmanabhan, S. (2020) Genomics of blood pressure and hypertension: extending the mosaic theory toward stratification. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 36(5), pp. 694-705. (doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.03.001) (PMID:32389342) (PMCID:PMC7237883)
|
Text
215666.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. 2MB |
Abstract
The genetic architecture of blood pressure (BP) now includes more than 30 genes, with rare mutations resulting in inherited forms of hypertension or hypotension, and 1477 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These signify the heterogeneity of the BP phenotype and support the mosaic theory of hypertension. The majority of monogenic syndromes involve the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the adrenal glucocorticoid pathway, and a smaller fraction are due to rare neuroendocrine tumours of the adrenal glands and the sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia. Somatic mutations in genes coding for ion channels (KCNJ5 and CACNA1D) and adenosine triphosphatases (ATP1A1 and ATP2B3) highlight the central role of calcium signalling in autonomous aldosterone production by the adrenal gland. The per-SNP BP effect is small for SNPs according to genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and all of the GWAS-identified BP SNPs explain ∼ 27% of the 30%-50% estimated heritability of BP. Uromodulin is a novel pathway identified by GWAS, and it has now progressed to a genotype-directed clinical trial. The majority of the GWAS-identified BP SNPs show pleiotropic associations, and unravelling those signals and underpinning biological pathways offers potential opportunities for drug repurposing. The GWAS signals are predominantly from Europe-centric studies with other ancestries underrepresented, however, limiting the generalisability of the findings. In this review, we leverage the burgeoning list of polygenic and monogenic variants associated with BP regulation along with phenome-wide studies in the context of the mosaic theory of hypertension, and we explore potential translational aspects that underlie different hypertension subtypes.
| Item Type: | Articles |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Funding Sources: S.P. is also funded by the Medical Research Council (MR/M016560/1). |
| Status: | Published |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Lip, Dr Stefanie and Padmanabhan, Professor Sandosh |
| Authors: | Lip, S., and Padmanabhan, S. |
| College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health |
| Journal Name: | Canadian Journal of Cardiology |
| Publisher: | Elsevier |
| ISSN: | 0828-282X |
| ISSN (Online): | 1916-7075 |
| Published Online: | 05 March 2020 |
| Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2020 Canadian Cardiovascular Society |
| First Published: | First published in Canadian Journal of Cardiology 36(5):694-705 |
| Publisher Policy: | Reproduced under a Creative Commons license |
University Staff: Request a correction | Enlighten Editors: Update this record
Funder and Project Information
Funder and Project Information