Association of inpatient use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19

Zhang, P. et al. (2020) Association of inpatient use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19. Circulation Research, 126(12), pp. 1671-1681. (doi: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317134) (PMID:32302265) (PMCID:PMC7265882)

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Abstract

Rationale: Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) is a major concern for clinicians treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with hypertension. Objective: To determine the association between in-hospital use of ACEI/ARB and all-cause mortality in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. Methods and Results: This retrospective, multi-center study included 1128 adult patients with hypertension diagnosed with COVID-19, including 188 taking ACEI/ARB (ACEI/ARB group; median age 64 [IQR 55-68] years; 53.2% men) and 940 without using ACEI/ARB (non-ACEI/ARB group; median age 64 [IQR 57-69]; 53.5% men), who were admitted to nine hospitals in Hubei Province, China from December 31, 2019 to February 20, 2020. Unadjusted mortality rate was lower in the ACEI/ARB group versus the non-ACEI/ARB group (3.7% vs. 9.8%; P = 0.01). In mixed-effect Cox model treating site as a random effect, after adjusting for age, gender, comorbidities, and in-hospital medications, the detected risk for all-cause mortality was lower in the ACEI/ARB group versus the non-ACEI/ARB group (adjusted HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19-0.92; P =0.03). In a propensity score-matched analysis followed by adjusting imbalanced variables in mixed-effect Cox model, the results consistently demonstrated lower risk of COVID-19 mortality in patients who received ACEI/ARB versus those who did not receive ACEI/ARB (adjusted HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15-0.89; P = 0.03). Further subgroup propensity score-matched analysis indicated that, compared to use of other antihypertensive drugs, ACEI/ARB was also associated with decreased mortality (adjusted HR, 0.30; 95%CI, 0.12-0.70; P = 0.01) in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. Conclusions: Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hypertension, inpatient use of ACEI/ARB was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality compared with ACEI/ARB non-users. While study interpretation needs to consider the potential for residual confounders, it is unlikely that in-hospital use of ACEI/ARB was associated with an increased mortality risk.

Item Type:Articles
Additional Information:This work was supported by grants from National Key RandD Program of China (2016YFF0101504, 2020YFC0845500), the National Science Foundation of China (81630011, 81970364, 81970070, 81970011, 81870171, and 81700356), the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91639304), the Hubei Science and Technology Support Project (2019BFC582, 2018BEC473, and 2017BEC001), and Medical flight plan of Wuhan University.
Keywords:angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, inpatients, coronavirus, hypertension, COVID-19, angiotensin II receptor blocker.
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Touyz, Professor Rhian
Authors: Zhang, P., Zhu, L., Cai, J., Lei, F., Qin, J.-J., Xie, J., Liu, Y.-M., Zhao, Y.-C., Huang, X., Lin, L., Xia, M., Chen, M.-M., Cheng, X., Zhang, X., Guo, D., Peng, Y., Ji, Y.-X., Chen, J., She, Z.-G., Wang, Y., Xu, Q., Tan, R., Wang, H., Lin, J., Luo, P., Fu, S., Cai, H., Ye, P., Xiao, B., Mao, W., Liu, L., Yan, Y., Liu, M., Chen, M., Zhang, X.-J., Wang, X., Touyz, R. M., Xia, J., Zhang, B.-H., Huang, X., Yuan, Y., Rohit, L., Liu, P. P., and Li, H.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health
Journal Name:Circulation Research
Publisher:American Heart Association
ISSN:0009-7330
ISSN (Online):1524-4571
Published Online:17 April 2020
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2020 The Authors
First Published:First published in Circulation Research 126(12):1671–1681
Publisher Policy:Reproduced under a Creative Commons Licence

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