Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in prediabetes and diabetes

Luc, K., Schramm-Luc, A., Guzik, T.J. and Mikolajczyk, T.P. (2020) Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in prediabetes and diabetes. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 70(6), pp. 809-824. (doi: 10.26402/jpp.2019.6.01) (PMID:32084643)

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Publisher's URL: https://doi.org/10.26402/jpp.2019.6.01

Abstract

Prediabetes is a state of elevated plasma glucose in which the threshold for diabetes has not yet been reached and can predispose to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance and impaired beta-cell function are often already present in prediabetes. Hyperglycemia can upregulate markers of chronic inflammation and contribute to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which ultimately cause vascular dysfunction. Conversely, increased oxidative stress and inflammation can lead to insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Proper treatment of hyperglycemia and inhibition of ROS overproduction is crucial for delaying onset of diabetes and for prevention of cardiovascular complications. Thus, it is imperative to determine the mechanisms involved in the progression from prediabetes to diabetes including a clarification of how old and new medications affect oxidative and immune mechanisms of diabetes. In this review, we discuss the relationship between oxidative stress and hyperglycemia along with links between inflammation and prediabetes. Additionally, the effects of hyperglycemic memory, microvesicles, micro-RNA, and epigenetic regulation on inflammation, oxidative state, and glycemic control are highlighted. Adipose tissue and their influence on chronic inflammation are also briefly reviewed. Finally, the role of immune-targeted therapies and anti-diabetic medication on glycemic control and oxidative stress are discussed.

Item Type:Articles
Additional Information:This manuscript was supported by the Polish National Centre for Research and development ((ERACVD/PLAQUEFIGHT/5/2018 (K/NCB/000048-TJG) and ERACVD/NEMO/7/2019 (K/NCB/000052-TPM)).
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Mikolajczyk, Dr Tomasz and Guzik, Professor Tomasz
Authors: Luc, K., Schramm-Luc, A., Guzik, T.J., and Mikolajczyk, T.P.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health
Journal Name:Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
Publisher:Polish Physiological Society
ISSN:0867-5910
ISSN (Online):1899-1505

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