Refining the eruptive history of Ulleungdo and Changbaishan volcanoes (East Asia) over the last 86 kyrs using distal sedimentary records

McLean, D. et al. (2020) Refining the eruptive history of Ulleungdo and Changbaishan volcanoes (East Asia) over the last 86 kyrs using distal sedimentary records. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 389, 106669. (doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106669)

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Abstract

The eruptive histories of Ulleungdo (South Korea) and Changbaishan (North Korea/China border) volcanoes are not well constrained since their proximal stratigraphies are poorly exposed or largely inaccessible. However, determining the past behaviour of these volcanoes is critical since future eruptions are likely to disperse ash over some of the world’s largest metropolitan regions. Alkaline tephra deposits erupted from both centres are routinely identified in marine cores extracted from the Sea of Japan, as well as high-resolution lacustrine records east of the volcanoes. Here, we review the distal ash occurrences derived from Ulleungdo and Changbaishan and provide new data from the Lake Suigetsu (central Honshu, Japan) sediment core, in order to provide a more complete and constrained eruption framework. The intensely-dated Lake Suigetsu archive provides one of the most comprehensive distal eruption records for both centres, despite being located ca. 500 km E of Ulleungdo and ca. 1000 km SSE of Changbaishan. The Suigetsu record is utilised to precisely date and geochemically fingerprint (using major, minor and trace element glass compositions) ash fall events that reached central Honshu. Here, we identify a new non-visible (cryptotephra) layer in the Suigetsu sediments, which reveals a previously unreported explosive event from Changbaishan at 42,750 – 42,323 IntCal13 yrs BP (95.4 % confidence interval). This event is chronologically and geochemically distinct from the B-J (Baegdusan-Japan Basin) tephra reported in the Sea of Japan (ca. 50 ka). Furthermore, we also confirm that the widespread U-Ym tephra erupted from Ulleungdo reached central Japan, and is herein dated to 40,332 – 39,816 IntCal13 yrs BP (95.4 % confidence interval). This terrestrial 14C-derived age of the U-Ym can be used to constrain the chronology of marine records containing the same marker layer. This reviewed and integrated tephrostratigraphic framework highlights the pivotal role that distal sedimentary records can play in evaluating the eruptive histories and hazard potential of Ulleungdo and Changbaishan.

Item Type:Articles
Additional Information:The SG14 (formally’ Fukui-SG14’) sediment coring campaign was funded by the Fukui Prefectural government, Japan, and the coring was conducted by the team of Seibushisui Co. Ltd. Japan, led by Mr. Atsumi Kitamura. KAKENHI grants by MEXT, Japan (15H021443 and 18H03744 to TN). Grants by Casio Science Promotion Foundation were used to purchase laboratory equipment and consumables during the project. Trace element analysis was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) 2018 Summer Program. DM was funded by NERC (grant: NE/L002612/1) as part of the Environmental Research Doctoral Training Program at the University of Oxford. PGA and RAS were supported by Early Career Fellowships from the Leverhulme Trust (grant: ECF-2014-438 and ECF-2015-396).
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Staff, Dr Richard
Authors: McLean, D., Albert, P. G., Suzuki, T., Nakagawa, T., Kimura, J.-I., Chang, Q., Macleod, A., Blockley, S., Staff, R. A., Yamada, K., Kitaba, I., Haraguchi, T., Kitagawa, J., and Smith, V. C.
College/School:College of Science and Engineering > Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre
Journal Name:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
Publisher:Elsevier
ISSN:0377-0273
ISSN (Online):1872-6097
Published Online:05 October 2019
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
First Published:First published in Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 389:106669
Publisher Policy:Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy

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