Effects of dietary monounsaturated fatty acids on lipoprotein concentrations, compositions, and subfraction distributions and on VLDL apolipoprotein B kinetics: dose-dependent effects on LDL

Gill, J. M.R. , Brown, J. C., Caslake, M. J., Wright, D. M., Cooney, J., Bedford, D., Hughes, D. A., Stanley, J. C. and Packard, C. J. (2003) Effects of dietary monounsaturated fatty acids on lipoprotein concentrations, compositions, and subfraction distributions and on VLDL apolipoprotein B kinetics: dose-dependent effects on LDL. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78(1), pp. 47-56. (doi: 10.1093/ajcn/78.1.47) (PMID:12816770)

Abstract

Background: Replacing dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) lowers LDL cholesterol, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: We assessed the effects of replacing dietary SFAs with MUFAs on concentrations and subclass distributions of VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein, LDL, and HDL and on VLDL apolipoprotein B kinetics. Design: Thirty-five moderately hypercholesterolemic, middle-aged volunteers consumed for 6 wk, in random order, diets containing low (L-MUFA; 7.8% of energy from MUFAs), moderate (M-MUFA; 10.3% from MUFAs), or high (H-MUFA; 13.7% from MUFAs) amounts of MUFAs. Fasting blood samples were taken from all subjects after each intervention. VLDL apolipoprotein B kinetic studies were performed in a subgroup after the L-MUFA and H-MUFA diets. Results: Plasma cholesterol concentrations decreased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing intakes of dietary MUFAs. This change was entirely accounted for by reduced LDL cholesterol (−0.20 and −0.49 mmol/L after the M-MUFA and H-MUFA diets, respectively, compared with the concentration after the L-MUFA diet; P for trend < 0.01). Plasma triacylglycerol and HDL cholesterol were not significantly affected by the dietary intervention, nor were the concentrations of VLDL1 (Sf 60–400), VLDL2 (Sf 20–60), or intermediate-density lipoprotein (Sf 12–20). Production and catabolic rates for VLDL1 and VLDL2 were also unaffected. HDL and LDL subclass distributions were not significantly altered, but as a consequence of the overall LDL lowering, concentrations of atherogenic LDL-III were 25% lower after the H-MUFA diet than after the L-MUFA diet (P = 0.02). Conclusion: The effects of replacing dietary SFAs with MUFAs on lipoprotein metabolism appear to be almost exclusively limited to the LDL density class.

• Item Type: Articles
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Cooney, Mrs Josephine and Caslake, Professor Muriel and Packard, Professor Chris and Hughes, Dr David and Gill, Professor Jason and Bedford, Mrs Dorothy
• Authors: Gill, J. M.R., Brown, J. C., Caslake, M. J., Wright, D. M., Cooney, J., Bedford, D., Hughes, D. A., Stanley, J. C., and Packard, C. J.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health; College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing
• Journal Name: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
• Publisher: American Society for Nutrition
• ISSN: 0002-9165
• ISSN (Online): 1938-3207